4 NATURE AND THE CAMERA 



against a list of apparatus as long as it is perplexing. 

 If he goes to a dealer he will more than likely be 

 recommended to use the things upon which the 

 dealer makes the greatest profit; he also will be 

 induced to buy a number of quite unnecessary things; 

 and as the dealer is seldom a really practical photog- 

 rapher, many of the most i'mportant articles will be 

 left out. A great difficulty in giving anything like a 

 complete list of apparatus needed is the constant 

 change in all photographic supplies. A camera that 

 would be best to-day might in a week's time be super- 

 seded by something so much better that the older 

 one would be thrown aside for the newer inven- 

 tion. It is not so very long ago that the twin-lens 

 camera, commonly called the " two-decker," was the 

 only camera with which one could focus on an 

 object and at the same time have the plate ready for 

 an exposure. Then came the reflex, and now we 

 have the graflex, which, though expensive, is about 

 all that can be wished for. Being strongly made, it 

 will withstand the rough usage incidental to natural- 

 history photography. Its long draw of bellows 

 allows of the use of a twelve-inch lens, and for 

 objects up to within about ten feet distant a six-inch 

 lens with hand-camera telephoto attachment can be 

 used. The shutter is of the latest pattern of focal 

 plane which works near the plate; by this method 

 the greatest possible amount of illumination is re- 



