Liberia ^ 



without rigging tops or yards ; and had lateen sails stretched 

 upon long, oblique poles, hanging suspended from the mast- 

 head. These winged arms, when their triangular sails were once 

 spread, grazed the gunwale, the points bending with the air 

 according to the direction of the wind. They usually ran with 

 all their sail, turning by means of it, and saiHng straight upon 

 a bow line, driving before the wind. When they wished to 

 change their course it was enough to trim the sails." 



In the Revista Portugueza Colonial ^ the Navios de 



31. THE "CAKAVELA REDONDA," OR ROUND CARAVEL 



descobrimentos, or exploring ships, are divided into the following 

 named classes : — ^The Barca, the Barinel, the Caravel, and the 

 Nau ; while the Navios de conquistas, or war vessels, are styled 

 the Fusta, the Catur, the Almadir de Cathuri, the GaU^ the 

 Galiota, the Brigantim, the Gallea^a, the Taforea, the Galeao, 

 and the Carraca. (The author has copied from the pictures in 

 this article the accompanying illustrations of the commonest type 

 of exploring ship in the fifteenth century — the Caravel^ The 



1 May 20th, 1898. 

 78 



