162 THE OX TRIBE. 



behind, is ground down, and sold to the farmers for 

 manure. 



Besides these various purposes to which the different 

 parts of the horn are applied, the chippings which arise in 

 comb -making are sold to the farmer for manure, at about 

 one shilling a bushel. In the first year after they are 

 spread over the soil they have comparatively little effect ; 

 but during the next four or five their efficiency is con- 

 siderable. The shavings, which form the refuse of the 

 lantern-maker, are of a much thinner texture. Some of 

 them are cut into various figures, and painted and used as 

 toys ; for they curl up when placed in the palm of a warm 

 hand. But the greater part of these shavings are sold 

 also for manure, which from their extremely thin and 

 divided form, produce their full effect upon the first crop. 



FEET. An oil is extracted from the feet of oxen 

 hence called Neat's-foot-oil of great use in preparing and 

 softening leather. 



SKIN, horns, hoofs, and cartilages are used to make 

 glue. 



BLOOD is used in the formation of mastic ; also in the 

 refining of sugar, oil, &c.; and is an excellent manure for 

 fruit trees. 



Blood, horns, and hoofs in the formation of Prussian 

 blue. 



GALL is used to cleanse woollen garments, and to oblite- 

 rate greasy and other stains. 



SUET, FAT, TALLOW are chiefly manufactured into 

 candles; they are also used to precipitate the salt that 

 is drawn from briny springs. 



INTESTINES, when dried, are used as envelopes for 

 German and Bologna sausages ; in some countries to 



