476 



THE ANATOMY OF WOODY PLANTS 



Medulla: cortical origin of, 283; in Os- 

 mundaceae, 286; origin of, in the 

 Filicales, 284, in Lycopsida, 283 



Medullary rays: so called in gymno- 

 sperms, 172; in Lycopsida, 170 



Medullosa, 294; origin of cycads from, 

 295 



Megasporangium: in Pteridophyta, 223; 

 in Selaginella, 216 



Mesarch, 23, 167 



Mesophyll, 213 



Metagymnospermae, 317, 357 



Metaxylem, 19 



Methods of sectioning coal, 461 



Miadesmia, 225 



Microscope in photoniicrography, 465 



Microscopic lenses, defects of, 462 



Microsporangium: in Conifers, 219; in 

 Cycadales, 216; in Ginkgoales, 218; 

 in Gnetales, 219; in liverworts, 214; in 

 Lycopsida, 216; in phanerogams, 220; 

 in Pteropsida, 216 



Microtome, 452 



Middle lamella, 3, 445 



Monocotyledons, 409; amphivasal bun- 

 dles of, 196; arrangement of bundles 

 In, 192; bundle of, 193; cambial ac- 

 tivity in, 195, 411; characteristics of, 

 377; geological age of, 409; leaf struc- 

 ture in, 213, 410; phylogeny of, 412; 

 stem of, 192, 411; root of, 158, 410 



Mounting of sections, 459 



Mucilaginous fibers, 33 



Mycorrhiza, 138 



N 



Nitrocellulose, 449 

 Nothofagus, parenchyma of, 53 

 Nucleus, 2 



O 



Oak, wood of, 14, 30, 55, 57 

 Objects, clamping of, 455 

 Oil canals of Compositae, 433, 436 

 Onopordon, canals of, 439 

 Organs, definitions of, 136 

 Origin of the herbaceous type: in HeJian- 



thus, 400, 402, 404; in Potentilla., 187; 



in Salvia, 189; in Solanum, 190; in 



Urtica, 398 

 Origin of the woody cylinder in Vitis, 391, 



395 

 Osmunda cinnamomea, 287, 289; O. clay- 



toniana, 289; O. regalis, 288 



Osmundaceae: internal phloem in, 287; 



medulla in, 286; root of, 20, 150 

 Osmundites skidegatensis, 286 



Palms, anatomy of, 196, 413 



Parenchyma. 37; absence of, in second- 

 ary woods of the Paleozoic, 40, in Pinus, 

 41; diffuse in conifers, 48, in dicotyle- 

 dons, 50; distribution of, in Abies 

 and Tsuga, 47, in dicotyledons, 50, 52, 

 in primary wood, 37, 38. 39; origin 

 of, at end of annual ring, 42, 425; 

 origin of, in Alder, 54, in dicotyledons, 

 54, in Liquidambar, 54, in Mesozoic, 40, 

 in Picea, 42, 425, in primary wood, 37, 

 39, in Prunus, 54, in secondary wood, 

 42, 54, 425; origin of, from tracheids, 

 38, 42, 425; relation of, to annual ring, 

 45, 425, to climatic evolution, 41, 425; 

 terminal in dicotyledons, 52; transition 

 to, from short tracheids, 43; vasicentric 

 in dicotyledons, 52 



Parichni, 261 



Peach stone, 4 



Pericycle in Pteris, 108 



Phloem: central ray cells in, 113, 115; 

 companion cells of, in angiosperms, 

 118; in Pinus, no; in Pteris, 108; in 

 Tilia, 117; marginal cells in, 113; 

 parenchyma in, 114; rays in, 114; 

 sieve tubes in, 114; in Vitis, 122 



Phloeoterma, 10, 12 



Photographic dark room, 466 



Photographic plates, 463, 467 



Photomicrography, 462 



Phylloglossum, 252 



Picea: stem of, 85 ; terminal parenchyma 

 of, 336, 425; wood of, 42, 44, 425 



Picric acid, 445 



Pileorhiza, 138 



Piliferous layer, 146, 150, 158 



Pineae, 335 



Pinus: absence of parenchyma in, 336; 

 aggregate rays in, 362; leaf of, n, 330; 2 

 needle of, n; phloem in, no; short 

 shoots of, 337; structure of wood in 

 cone of, 326; tracheids of, 26; tyloses 

 of, 106; wood of, 24, 326 



Pinus and Ginkgo: microspores of, 337; 

 short shoots of, 337; tracheids of, 338 



Pinus Strobus, rays in phloem, no 



Pit membrane, 3, 6 



Pith, origin of, in the Filicales, 283 



