47 8 



THE ANATOMY OF WOODY PLANTS 



Sieve tubes and vessels, comparison of, 

 123 



Sigillaria, primary wood of, 171, 259 



Sigillarians, 259 



Siphonostele, 163; collateral, 165; con- 

 centric, 163; in Filicales, 278; lacunae 

 of, 164, 278; reduction of, 165 



Smilax, root of, 12, 138; stem of, 192 



Solatium, origin of herbaceous type in, 

 190 



Solidago, resemblance of stem of certain 

 species to that of the oak, 405 



Sphenophyllaceae, 251, 264 



Sphenophyllum insigne, 265 



Sporangia, 142; in Abietineae, 219; in 

 angiosperms, 220; in Coniferales, 219; 

 in Cycadales, 216; in Gink go, 217; in 

 Gnetales, 219; in Polypodium, 216; in 

 Sdagindla, .216 



Sporangia and trichomes, 130 



Staining methods, 457 



Stangeria, reproductive axis of, 299 



Starch: in phloem of Pinus, in; in 

 phloem of Tilia, 118 



Stem: definition of, 140; development 

 of, in Pteris, 281; herbaceous, 186, 387; 

 organization of, in Casuarina, 82, in 

 Cupressus, 80, in dicotyledons, 81, in 

 monocotyledons, 192, in Selaginella, 

 254; primary tissues in, 169; second- 

 ary tissues in, 169; structure of, in 

 Cyathaceae, 282, in Marattiaceae, 282, 

 in Pteris, 281. 



Stephanospermum, 315 



Stigmaria, 262 



Stomata, 129 



Strops, types of, 454 



Substitute fibers, 35 



Tangential pitting in relation to climatic 

 evolution, 424, 425 



Taraxacum, laticiferous system of, 435 



Taxineae, 344; parenchyma in, 346; re- 

 productive structures of, 345; resin 

 canals in, 346; tracheids of, 345 



Taxodineae, 339, marginal tracheids of, 

 341; wood parenchyma of, 342 



Taxoxylon, structure of, 349 



Teak, septate fibers of, 35 



Terminal parenchyma, relation of, to 

 climatic evolution, 426 



Tissue systems, 8, 10, 12, 13 



Tissues, 9; epidermal, 10; fibro vascular, 



10; fundamental, 10 

 Torus, 6, 68; position of, in heartwood, 56 

 Trabeculae, 68, 250 

 Tracheids, 25, 27, 29, 31; marginal, in 



Coniferales, 69, 73, 341; reticulated, 



17; ringed, 17; scalariform, 17; 



spiral, 17; spring, 24, 26; summer, 24, 



26; tylosis of, 1 06; types of, 25, 26, 31 

 Tragopogon, oil canals in root of, 441 

 Tree nails, 34 

 Trias, woods of, 421 

 Tsuga: parenchyma of, 46; resin canals 



in, 346 



Tubiflorae, oil canals of, 434 

 Tyloses: in fibers of Liquidambar, 106; in 



resin canals of Coniferales, 56; in 



vessels of dicotyledons, 57 



U 



Urtica, organization of the stem in, 397 



Vacuole, i 



Vasicentric parenchyma, 51 



Velamen, 160 



Vessels: absence of, in certain angio- 

 sperms, 373, and sieve tubes, 123; in 

 Ephedra, 94; in Gnetum, 95; in Pteris, 

 92; inWelwitschia, 95; lateral walls of, 

 103; scalariform, 103; terminal walls 

 f> 93> 95 > tylosis of, 104; types of, 

 94, 95, 100, 101; with pitted perfora- 

 tion, 94; with porous perforation, 96, 

 99; with scalariform perforation, 96 



Vine type, origin of, 184, 390, 396, 397 



Vitis, organization of stem in, 185, 391; 

 thick and thin annual stem of, 397 



Voltzia, 355 



W 



Welwitschia, 366; leaf of, 368; stem of, 

 366; vessels of, 366 



Wood: cryptogamic, 222; holders for, 

 455; primary, 16, 18, 20, 22, 167; 

 tangential pits of, 425 



Wood parenchyma: origin of, in 

 Abietineae, 41, 43; in Araucariineae, 

 320, 322; in Podocarpineae, 344; in 

 Taxineae, 346; in Taxodineae, 339, 342 



Woody dicotyledons, 379 



Woody tissues, softening of, 447 



Xylem: endarch, 21, 167; exarch, 19, 

 167; mesarch, 20, 167 



PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. 



