192 HISTORICAL PALEONTOLOGY. 



(17) ' Monograph of the Carboniferous Foraminifera of Britain ' (Palseon- 



tographical Society). H. B. Brady. 



(18) "On the Carboniferous Fossils of the West of Scotland" 'Trans. 



Geol. Soc.,' of Glasgow, vol. iii., Supplement. Young and 

 Armstrong. 



(19) 'Poissons Fossiles.' Agassiz. 



(20) " Report on the Labyrinthodonts of the Coal-measures" 'British 



Association Report,' 1873. L. C. Miall. 



(21) 'Introduction to the Study of Pakeontological Botany.' John 



Huttbn Balfour. 



(22) 'Traitede Paleontologie Vegetale.' Schimper. 



(23) ' Fossil Flora.' Lindley and Hutton. 



(24) ' Histoire des Vegetaux Fossiles.' Brongniart. 



(25) 'On Calamites and Calamodendron ' (Monographs of the Palseonto- 



graphical Society). Binney. 



(26) ' On the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous 



Strata ' (Pabeontographical Society). Binney. 



Also numerous memoirs by Huxley, Davidson, Martin Duncan, Profes- 

 sor Young, John Young, R. Etheridge, jun., Baily, Carruthers, Dawson, 

 Binney, Williamson, Hooker, Jukes, Geikie, Rupert Jones, Salter, and 

 many other British and foreign observers. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



THE PERMIAN PERIOD, 



The Permian formation closes the long series of the Palaeo- 

 zoic deposits, and may in some respects be considered as a 

 kind of appendix to the Carboniferous system, to which it can- 

 not be compared in importance, either as regards the actual 

 bulk of its sediments or the interest and variety of its life- 

 record. Consisting, as it does, largely of red rocks sand- 

 stones and marls for the most part singularly destitute of 

 organic remains, the Permian rocks have been regarded as a 

 lacustrine or fluviatile deposit; but the presence of well-devel- 

 oped limestones with indubitable marine remains entirely 

 negatives this view. It is, .however, not improbable that we 

 are presented in the Permian formation, as known to us at 

 present, with a series of sediments laid down in inland seas of 

 great extent, due to the subsidence over large areas of the 

 vast land-surfaces of the Coal-measures. This view, at any 

 rate, would explain some of the more puzzling physical char- 

 acters of the formation, and would not be definitely negatived 

 by any of its fossils. 



A large portion of the Permian series, as already remarked, 

 consists of sandstones and marls, deeply reddened by peroxide 



