318 HISTORICAL PALAEONTOLOGY. 



and Goats. Thus the Paltzoreas of the Upper Miocene of 

 Greece may be regarded as a genuine Antelope ; but the 



Tragoceras of the same deposit is intermediate in its characters 

 between the typical Antelopes and the Goats. Perhaps the 

 most remarkable, however, of these Miocene Ruminants is the 

 Sivatherium giganteum (fig. 245) of the Siwalik Hills, in India. 

 In this extraordinary animal there were two pairs of horns, 

 supported by bony " horn-cores," so that there can be no 

 hesitation in referring Sivatherium to the Cavicorn Rumin- 

 ants. If all these horns had been simple, there would have 

 been no difficulty in considering Sivatherium as simply a 

 gigantic four-horned Antelope, essentially similar to the living 

 Antilope (Tetraccros] quadricornis of India. The hinder pair 

 of horns, however, is not only much larger than the front pair, 

 but each possesses two branches or snags a peculiarity not to 

 be paralleled amongst any existing Antelope, save the abnormal 

 Prongbuck (AntHocapra) of North America. Dr Murie, how- 

 ever, in an admirable memoir on the structure and relationships 



