Contents. xi 



CHAPTER VII. 



THE SENSES OF ANIMALS. 



PAGE 



The primary object of sensation . . . . . . . . . . 243 



Organic sensations and the muscular sense . . . . . . 244 



Touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 



The temperature-sense . . . . . . . . . 249 



Taste 250 



Smell 257 



Hearing .. .. .. .. ..261 



Sense of rotation or acceleration . . . . . . . . 269 



Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 



Kestatement of theory of colour-vision .. .. .. 278 



Variation in the limits of colour-vision . . . . . . . . 281 



The four types of " visual " organs . . . . . . . . 293 



Problematical senses . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 



Permanent possibilities of sensation . . . . . . . . 298 



CHAPTER VIII. 



MENTAL PEOCESSES IN MAN. 



The physiological aspect . . . . . . . . . . 302 



The psychological aspect .. .. '.. .. .. 304 



Sensations : their localization, etc. . . . . . . . . 306 



Perceptual construction . . . . . . . . . . 312 



Conceptual analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 



Inferences perceptual and conceptual . . . . . . . . 328 



Intelligence and reason . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 



CHAPTER IX. 



MENTAL PROCESSES IN ANIMALS : THEIR POWERS OF PERCEPTION AND 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



The two factors in phenomena . . . . . . . . . . 331 



The basis in organic evolution . . . . . . . . 336 



Perceptual construction in mammalia . . . . . . . . 338 



Can animals analyze their constructs ? . . . . . . 347 



The generic difference between the minds of man and brute . . . . 350- 



Perceptual construction in other vertebrates . . . . . . 350 



" Understanding " of words . . . . . . . . . . 354 



Perceptual construction in the invertebrates . . . . . . 356 



" The psychic life of micro-organisms " . . . . . . 360 



The inferences of animals . . . . . . . . . . 361 



Intelligent not rational . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 



Use of words defined . . . . . . . . . . 372 



Language and analysis .. .. .. .. .. ., 374 



