HISTORY 19 



Lamk., or G. mexicanum, Tod., and it is the earliest plate of an 

 American cotton. According to Carroll (' Hist. S. Carol.') colonists Smyrna 

 from Barbados settled in America at Cape Fear about 1664, and Carolina 3 

 brought cotton-seed with them. Samuel Wilson tells us that 

 Smyrna and Cyprus seed, by the close of the century, had been 

 successfully acclimatised in Carolina. In 1696 a pamphlet was 

 issued in England entitled ' The Naked Truth, or an Essay upon 

 Trade,' which bewailed the introduction of cotton into England. 



The Eighteenth Century. Christianity proclaimed the brother- 

 hood of mankind ; engineering and manufacturing sciences and arts 

 made immense progress. Daniel De Foe vigorously attacked the 

 interference of the East India Company with the woollen trade of 

 England. It can hardly be wondered at, therefore, that the Bepres- 

 eighteenth century should have opened with repressive legislation, iegi s i a . 

 passed by the British Parliament against Indian calicos ; still the tion - 

 century witnessed the imports by England and Scotland of raw 

 cotton amounting to 1,000,000 Ibs. By an Act of 1720 the use and 

 wear in England of printed, painted, or dyed calicos was prohibited. 

 The prevailing evil of Indian calicos was attributed (in 1728) to the 

 ' passion of the ladies for their fashion.' Peter Purry started cotton 

 cultivation in Carolina in 1733. Cotton was raised in Georgia (in Original 

 1734) from seed supplied from Chelsea by Philip Miller (the original g^en- 01 

 stock of the better grades of the green-seeded plant now known as seed 

 G. hirsutum). In 1741 the first sample of Georgian cotton was sent supplied 

 to England. In 1739 we read of a Miss Lucas having been in * *^ e 

 charge of a plantation in South Carolina, and in 1748 the first States. 

 consignment of this cotton was sent to England. In 1750 

 Lancashire had a population of 294,400, Liverpool had 34,000, and 

 about the same time Manchester had 41,000. White Siam cotton is Siam 

 said to have been introduced into Louisiana in 1758. The French 

 colonists of that State paid much attention to cotton, but, according 

 to Du Prate, it was the ' Turkey kind ' that they sowed. (Cf. p. 120.) 



The mechanical achievements of Kay, Highs, Hargreaves, Ark- 

 wright, Wyatt, Cartwright, Compton, Bell, and Watt, by reducing 

 the cost of manufacture and improving the quality of the textiles 

 produced, enabled the British manufacturers to dispense with pro- 

 tective legislation. An Act of the British Parliament (Geo. III. 

 c. 71) now prohibited the export of tools, utensils, machines, models, 

 drawings, &c., used by the British cotton or linen manufacturers. Virginian 

 The Assembly of the Province of Virginia recommended all persons c 



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