COTTON FIBRE 45 



Trade Standards. It may be said, briefly, that the data upon Com- 

 which commercial valuations depend seem to turn on species of ^ rcial 

 plant, locality of production, length of staple, diameter of the cells tions. 

 (fineness or coarseness), colour and texture (silky, woolly, &c.), 

 moisture, and the ' count,' or length of yarn that can be spun from 

 a fixed quantity of each grade. The spinning property would not 

 seem to depend exclusively on the length of staple. 



Hannan (' Textile Fibres of Commerce,' pp. 94-96) furnishes an 

 elaborate table of the chief grades of cotton known in European 

 commerce, which the reader should consult. The more instructive 

 particulars may be indicated as follows : 



1. Sea Island Cottons. The grades of these are known as 

 ' Edisto,' ' Florida,' ' Fiji,' and ' Tahiti.' The first-mentioned yields 

 a staple 2 g 20 inches, the others under 2 inches the lowest being 

 Fiji, 1'75 inch. These afford counts technically expressed as from 

 100s to 400s. 



2. Egyptian. The grades known are designated ' Brown,' 

 ' Gallini,' ' Menouffieh,' ' Mitaffifi/ and ' White.' The longest staple 

 is the Gallini, 1'60 inch, and the shortest the White, TO inch. 

 These may be spun into counts that range from 70s to 250s. 



3. Peruvian 'Bough,' 'Smooth,' and 'Bed.' The staples in 

 these range from 1*0 to 1*25 inch, and the counts from 40s to 70s. 



4. Brazilian. The grades are numerous, such, for example, as 

 ' Pernams,' ' Maranhams,' ' C6ara,' ' Paraiba,' ' Bio Grande,' ' Maceio,' 

 'Santos,' ' Bahia,' 'Aracajua,' and 'Aracatti.' The staples in these 

 range from T15 to 1*50 inch, and the yarns that may be spun 

 from 40s to 60s. 



5. American. The special grades mentioned by Hannan are 

 ' Orleans,' ' Texas,' ' Allanseed,' ' Mobile,' ' Norfolks,' ' St. Louis,' 

 ' Bonoaks,' ' Boweds,' ' Benders,' ' Memphis,' ' Peeler's,' ' Uplands,' 

 ' Alabama,' ' Linters,' and ' Tennessee.' These have staples that 

 range from 0'9 inch (in St. Louis, Bonoaks, Alabama, and Ten- 

 nessee) to 1-20 inch 'Allanseed.' The shorter kinds are spun into 

 counts of 30s and the longer into 50s or 60s. 



In another place (pp. 281-41) a further statement of the grades of Uplands/ 

 American cottons will be found, but it is worthy of remark, in 

 passing, that Hannan treats ' Uplands ' as a separate and distinct 

 grade, apart from the others named by him, instead of being the 

 collective appellation for the entire series, the opinion held in the 

 States. From the botanical point of view this is interesting, since 



