162 WILD AND CULTIVATED COTTONS 



himself) (see Plate No. 24), we are justified in excluding the American, 

 plant and in restricting G. herbaceum to what I have called the 

 Levantine species. But Linnaeus seems to have had a suspicion of 

 the mistake made, for (in the ' Hort. Ups.') he observes that it was 

 now successfully cultivated in Greece. 



No speci- In passing it may be remarked that it is somewhat significant 



Plukenet'fl ^at Plukenet, an author in whom Linnaeus apparently put much 



Herb. faith, neither possessed a specimen of the plant nor described it in 



his ' Almagestum ' (1696) a circumstance, like many others, that 



perhaps points to the European knowledge of a cultivated annual 



cotton plant being of remarkably recent date. 



Lamarck, followed by Cavanilles and Poiret, corrected the Linnean 

 description of the species, omitted America and substituted the 

 Levant, Syria and India as its habitat. Cavanilles urged that 

 Linnaeus either described another species under G. herbaceum or by 

 a printer's error the leaves had been called eglandular instead of 

 uniglandular. He then adds that this species is distinguished by 

 having five rounded, suddenly pointed, lobes. Willdenow similarly 

 modified the Linnean description, gave the habitat India, Syria and 

 Africa, but retained the citation of the ' Hort. Cliff.' and the errors 

 Confused thereby necessarily involved. Lastly Dr. Eoxburgh one of the most 

 Roxburgh. accura *e of botanists described and prepared coloured drawings 

 (reproduced as Plates Nos. 11 and 12) of two forms of an Indian plant 

 which he accepted as being G. herbacetim, Linn., but in that opinion 

 he was unquestionably in error for, if any two or more cultivated 

 species of Gossypium can be viewed as distinct, G. herbaceum, Eoxb. 

 (see Plate No. 10) is certainly very different from G. herbaceum, Linn. 

 (see Plate No. 24) and must therefore be separated, and with that 

 separation G. herbacetim, Linn., practically disappears from the list 

 of Indian Gossypia. 



United Cultivated Forms. The forms of this species that are deemed of 



cuhfvV- greatest value are (a) those suited to cold countries and (b) those in 

 tion. the United States that have been so much hybridised with G. 



hirsutum that they are often accepted as grades of that plant. (Cf. 

 remarks below under G. hirsutum.) The large-leaved hairy states of 

 this species require a much warmer climate than the sub-glabrous 

 (and botanically) typical conditions. Some of the more recent 

 writers, such as 0. F. Cook (' U. S. Dept. Agri. Bureau of Plant Ind. 

 Bull. No. 88, p. 8, 1906 ') would appear, however, to go to an un- 

 necessary extreme when they affirm that ' The Upland type of cotton 



