196 WILD AND CULTIVATED COTTONS 



emigrants from England, and afterward cotton was grown to a slight 

 extent in Delaware, also by European immigrants. It is probable 

 that this very early cotton was produced from seed brought from 

 Europe, and in that case it was probably G. herbaceum. During the 

 last seventy-five years, however, no cotton of that species has been 

 cultivated commercially in this country. The only cottons grown 

 in the United States in commercial quantities are the Sea Island 

 and Georgian Sea Island, belonging to G. barbadense, which 

 also includes Egyptian cotton; and the American Upland cotton, 

 Mexican comprising more than nine-tenths of the crop, belonging to G. hirsu- 

 tum. This cotton came without doubt originally from Mexico, and is 

 practically the same type as that which the Moqui Indians have culti- 

 vated without change of seed for many centuries, certainly long before 

 the coming of white men to this continent.' 



Fruit In amplification of the most instructive particulars thus afforded 



e ' by Mr. Dewey, it may be observed in conclusion that one of 

 the most noteworthy peculiarities of the modern races of Upland 

 cottons is the fact that the fruit is most frequently 5-celled, a con- 

 dition not so uncommon in G. mexicanum but quite unknown in 

 typical forms of G. hirsutum. Moreover, the hirsute type has to a 

 large extent been lost, the leaves having become very broad, smooth 

 in texture, and often almost quite glabrous. In fact, a classification 

 of these into hairy and glabrescent forms might almost be accepted 

 as denoting a strong strain of hirsutum in the one and of mexicanum 

 in the other instance. [For further information see the remarks 

 under G. mexicanum, pp. 230-9.] 



Tonje AFRICA. Livingstone ('The Zambesi and its Tributaries,' 111) 



makes the interesting observation : ' The tonje manga, or foreign 

 cotton, the name showing that it has been introduced, is of excellent 

 quality, and considered at Manchester to be nearly equal to the best 

 New Orleans. It is perennial, but requires replanting once in three 

 years. A considerable amount of this variety is grown in the Upper 

 and Lower Shir6 Valleys. Every family of any importance owns a 

 cotton patch which, from the entire absence of weeds, seemed to be 

 carefully cultivated. Most were small, none seen on this journey 

 exceeding half an acre ; but on the former trip some were observed 

 of more than twice that size.' In 1860 Livingstone called attention 

 to the importance of Nyassaland and Shir6 for cotton production. 

 Every village had its cotton plots, and from the specimens in Kew 

 Herbarium supplied both by Dr. Livingstone and Sir John Kirk 



