ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



comparative psychology the psychic nature of animals 

 lower than man. 



To illustrate my position further : If you could have 

 traced from early infancy up to the present time that 

 one of your school-mates with whom you are most 

 intimately acquainted noting carefully every ten- 

 dency, every important change in his circumstances and 

 in his development, would you not be in a vastly better 

 position to understand him than you can be at present ? 

 Perhaps you sometimes feel that you are incorrectly 

 judged by others, and that if they only knew your past 

 they would think differently. Indeed, what human 

 being would not stand before us in a different light if 

 we knew his whole history and this resolves itself into 

 his mental history finally. And then how incomplete is 

 this until we go back beyond the individual, and look 

 into the history and qualities of his ancestors, for after 

 all, we are very much what our ancestors have made us ; 

 in other words, past history is determining in no small 

 degree present events the thoughts and feelings of our 

 ancestors had, to say the least, no small share in mould- 

 ing our own mental life. If one observes closely he will 

 find that the resemblance to parents is just as close 

 mentally as physically. I must not, however, dwell 

 now on a subject so large and so important as heredity. 



But if it is essential that we know the history of an 

 individual human being to really understand him, it is 

 almost, if not quite as important in the case of the dog 

 or other of our dumb animals. Most of the dogs now 

 in my own kennel were born and raised therein. Did 

 time permit, I could interest you, I think, by showing 

 how certain traits of these animals, which contribute to 

 give them their individuality, are to be accounted for 

 either by incidents in their history or by peculiarities 

 which showed themselves soon after birth, and which 

 were in all probability inborn. To illustrate by a 



