18 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



but we are apt to ignore the psychological similarity. 

 From experiments on the brains of the lower animals 

 we argue as to the nature of the brain of man. Why 

 not pursue the comparative method for the soul ? 



This condition of things can be traced to the influence 

 of views still surviving, unscientific, as we believe, as to 

 man's origin and place in the universe. At all events, 

 such views exist and influence practically our treat- 

 ment of the lower animals. Where man is concerned, 

 their rights are very seldom considered. The question 

 is not raised as to whose rights are paramount, but it is 

 tacitly assumed that when man is involved the brutes 

 have none. That such views have been up to the 

 present time operative to the neglect, and often the 

 positive annoyance, if not the actual persecution and 

 death of unoffending creatures, will be perfectly plain 

 to any one who will take the pains to examine into 

 the case. 



If there is to be order in the universe, it must be 

 conceded that where respective interests clash in 

 certain cases, that interest and that creature of less 

 importance must give way to the one of greater 

 importance ; but man can never act righteously to his 

 fellow- creatures lower in the animal scale till he 

 recognises that he is of them not only in his body but 

 in his mind ; in other words, that they are truly 

 fellows, or, as some one has expressed it, "poor 

 relations." But let this not be said in any pitying 

 sense, for it can be most clearly shown that in not a 

 few respects not only are these " poor relations " equal 

 but superior to man. 



Physiologists have long been familiar with the higher 

 development of the senses in animals below man. There 

 is not a single sense that man possesses in which he 

 is not excelled by some one animal, often immeasurably. 



Many of the performances of the lower animals, if 



