ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE, AND HOW TO STUDY IT 5 



tinguished in literature or art, because of that power they 

 have of feeling themselves into many situations of 

 interest to their fellow-men. Now I take it that 

 Shakespeare was a man who possessed this faculty 

 though in an eminent degree combined with many 

 others, as, for example, power of visual imagination and 

 word-painting. But he might have had the latter and a 

 host of other powers developed in the highest degree, and 

 yet not have been a Shakespeare. He could not have 

 felt like all the different characters which he put into 

 even one of his marvellous dramas. In the course of 

 one's limited experience he will meet people who have 

 this power to put themselves in others' places, who are 

 by no means Shakespeares, but who, notwithstanding, 

 have in this invaluable endowment an affinity with the 

 great poet ; and you will generally find that such people 

 are kind, slow to condemn, moderate in their censure 

 and just in their estimates, all of which is more or less 

 dependent on their ability to put themselves in the 

 place of others many others of different psychic make- 

 up. Such are the people too, who are best adapted to 

 understand animals, although they may, or may not be 

 able to explain their mental qualities to others. There 

 is such a thing as feeling one's way to truth when hard 

 logic and cold philosophy are unavailing. You will, of 

 course, not mistake my meaning here. I do not advo- 

 cate the substitution of sentiment for cool, many-sided 

 deliberation, but the putting one's self in the place of 

 our fellow-men and the lower animals, and thus attempt- 

 ing to understand them. Indeed I would go so far as 

 to say that this is the only way to make any real pro- 

 gress ; all other methods must be aids to this final 

 attitude of the mind. 



In the understanding of the lower animals we must 

 each become as a little child, and I know of nothing in 

 which this is more literally true than in the study of 



