SQUIRRELS 73 



that there is much that is common in the psychic life 

 of human beings and that of the lower animals. It 

 places the study of their habits and intelligence on a 

 higher plane, and furnishes new motives for extending 

 our enquiries and attempting to give unity to our 

 conception of nature in this as in other domains. 



Most remarkable evidence of high intellectual 

 capacity has been furnished by the conduct of elephants 

 under surgical operations, as instanced by Romanes in 

 his "Animal Intelligence;" and Principal M'Eachran 

 has assured me that both dogs and horses have shown 

 a similar intelligence by coming, of their own accord, 

 to his veterinary hospital to have injuries treated, after 

 having been there and experienced the benefit therefrom. 

 Dr G. P. Girdwood, a few days ago, gave me an account 

 of what appeared to be a similar manifestation in a 

 Chickaree but recently caught, though in this case so 

 much, perhaps, cannot be claimed. This Chickaree 

 submitted, soon after being caged, to having parasites 

 removed from the skin, voluntarily remaining quiet 

 during the act. 



With regard to the psychological rank of the various 

 species of squirrels, both from what I have been able to 

 learn from the writings of others, and from my own 

 observations, the Chickaree must be placed, I conclude, 

 at or very near the top of the list. The Chipmunk and 

 the Flying Squirrel seem to be, as already said, about 

 equal in intelligence, and both much below the Eed 

 Squirrel, owing, perhaps, to the underground life of the 

 one and the nocturnal habits of the other, possibly also 

 to annual hibernation. 



The wide geographical range of the Chickaree, as 

 referred to by Dr Bell in the Appendix, of itself 

 indicates great power to adapt itself to circumstances 

 requiring intelligence, and it has been shown abun- 

 dantly in this paper how the Red Squirrel can ac- 



