118 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



place, as it was found that removal therefrom caused so 

 much disturbance that observations were impossible or 

 valueless except to illustrate this very point, important 

 in itself. 



I have limited this diary to the first sixty days of 

 life, as nearly all the most important phases of develop- 

 ment show themselves within this period. 



1st day. Almost as soon as born and freed from the 

 investing placental parts by the dam, the puppies cry 

 out, though more loudly a little later, crawl slowly 

 but vigorously enough towards the teats of the dam, 

 and at once, in most cases, begin to suck. It is noticed, 

 however, that other parts are sometimes sucked as well 

 as the teats. They huddle together and get between 

 the legs of the dam, and where the hair is longest, or 

 where, for any reason, there is most warmth, when not 

 actually nursing. 



Their movements are very slow. Their eyelids are 

 still not grown apart nor their ears grown open. 



Two of them weighed at the end of about twenty-four 

 hours 1 Ib. 2 oz. and 1 Ib. 6 oz. respectively. 



They were not examined as to reflexes other than 

 sucking, reaction to temperature, etc. 



I made, on the first day, the following experiment : 

 Placing a puppy on a surface above the floor, it was 

 found that, when it reached the edge, it became very 

 uneasy, spread its claws, grasped, etc., to avoid falling off. 



On this and later days they cry apparently from cold 

 or hunger, or when removed from the usual environ- 

 ment. 



4:th day. The last experiment is repeated under 

 slightly varying conditions. A tortoise placed under 

 the same conditions walked or tumbled off. On this 

 day one puppy was conveyed to my laboratory, wrapped 

 up warmly in a blanket, without a cry or other sign of 

 discomfort, this journey occupying about half an hour. 



