158 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



movements, voice, etc., and the reader is referred to the 

 diary for evidences of a development of these charac- 

 teristics of his nature, especially as regards man, a 

 development which is so rapid, after the 30th to 

 40th day, that the puppy, in a few weeks, has become, 

 in this respect, very like a mature dog. 



FRIGHT. The diary contains references to this 

 subject on the 26th, 33rd, 37th, 39th, etc., days. After 

 hearing is established, fright is easily caused through 

 that sense, and apparently much more readily than 

 through vision at a very early period. At this time 

 also concussions, as such, are potent in producing fear. 

 I regret that the influence of concussions was not 

 more fully tested during the blind period. I find 

 that the Bedlington terriers were thus alarmed on the 

 9th day. 



Though the phenomena witnessed, when a puppy a 

 day old is in danger of slipping off a surface of support, 

 suggest alarm on its part, I question whether the puppy 

 is possessed of enough consciousness, so to speak, to 

 experience true fright. 



VOICE. Puppies may, and usually do, cry (in a 

 manner scarcely to be distinguished from a kitten, 

 so that mature dogs hearing it, bark, thinking cats are 

 about) almost as soon as born. Gradually this voice 

 is changed to that which is characteristic of the dog. 

 Before barking in any form, growling in sleep, then in 

 play, has been observed. They were heard to bark in 

 sleep before doing so when awake. Such use of the 

 voice is reflex or similar to reflex action. 



The diary contains the earliest observed use of the 

 voice in various ways with the circumstances stated, 

 and, among others, I call attention to the records for 

 the 23rd, 27th, 35th, 42nd, and 59th days. 



It will be noticed again that there is no proper use of 

 the voice beyond crying during the blind period, and 



