222 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



point out, are born blind and deaf, but the eyes of the 

 cat open sooner than those of the dog, and hearing is 

 also acquired somewhat earlier, but in both the pro- 

 cesses of learning to see and to hear are gradual ones. 



The pupillary reflex is established sooner in the cat. 



So early as the 9th day the kitten studied and 

 previously reported on turned its ears towards the 

 direction of a sound. 



There is this difference, too, in the movement of the 

 ears : the kitten, when reacting to a sound, turns the 

 ears or ear reflexly to the side rather, while the dog 

 tends to draw them back. 



I have observed nothing in the young dog that 

 corresponds to the quivering movements of the ears in 

 the kitten, seen as early as the 9th day, and which 

 possibly are imperfectly executed voluntary move- 

 ments, like the trembling of the hand in old people. 



There is nothing in the dog that corresponds exactly 

 to the hiss, or when feebler, the opening of the mouth 

 in the kitten when surprised. So far as I know, this is 

 sui generis among our domestic mammals, though there 

 are analogies perhaps in birds, as in the hissing of 

 geese or ducks, and the snapping of the beak in pigeons, 

 even when very young, to which abundant reference 

 has been made in my corresponding paper on birds. 



So early as the 3rd day the young cat gives evidence 

 of the possession of genuine smell, as shown in its 

 behaviour towards a dog placed near it. At the same 

 time, the sense of the smell is very feeble. Upon the 

 whole, it would seem that taste and smell are both 

 present rather sooner in the cat than in the dog, and 

 in both the beginning is feeble, but they go on to 

 fairly rapid development. However, I have not 

 changed my opinion, as expressed in my first paper on 

 the dog, that the dog, and I will now add the cat, find 

 the nipple of the mother by touch rather than by smell, 



