288 ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



these ontogenetic adaptations. This takes the place 

 of the Lamarckian factor. Lamarckism is an " obvious " 

 resort in all cases, of course, but it seems to me so easy, 

 that in many cases it is shallow in the extreme. 



But my view is very far from being Weismannism. 

 I reach determinate variations by means of new 

 functions or adaptions which keep certain animals 

 alive to propagate. It is really a new theory, as Prof. 

 Osborn, who has reached about the same point of view, 

 declares. This is also just the value which Prof. 

 Morgan attaches to his observations. 



J. MARK BALDWIN. 



PRINCETON, 17 th April 1896. 



To THE EDITOR OF Science It seems to me that it 

 would be well to keep the issue with which this 

 discussion started in view, and then the direction in 

 which the truth lies will be clearer. Nothing could 

 be more explicit than the statement by " The Writer 

 of the Note " in Science of 14th February, which was 

 this : " A chick will peck instinctively, out must be 

 taught to- drink. Chicks have learned to drink for 

 countless generations, but the acquired action has not 

 become instinctive." 



In other words, the view that eating is instinctive, 

 and drinking is not, was that taught by Prof. Morgan 

 and endorsed by " The Writer of the Note " in a sub- 

 sequent communication. Feeling that an important 

 truth was being imperilled, I advanced facts to show 

 that such a view was untenable. This was followed 

 by the recital of additional facts by others, so that' it 

 was plain to myself more so than ever that such a 

 theory as that first advanced was not sound. I was 

 aware that all three of the writers supporting this view 



