202 



INDEX 



"Royalje]ly,"62, 87 

 Rumination, 80-1. 



JSacculina, 18G 

 Saliva, 91 

 Salmon, 179 

 Salpa, 169 

 Salts, in soil, 49 



in food, 57 

 Sand, in water, 105 

 Sands, 43 

 Sap, ascent of, 49 



vessels, 49, 50 



rate of ascent, 52 

 Saprophytes, 23, 27 

 Sarcina, 27 

 Sardines, food of, 87 

 Sargasso Sea, 179 

 Saw-flies, Tenthredinidae, 188 

 Scalariform vessels, 50 

 Scales (fish), concentric rings in, 138, 

 Scarabeus sacer, 64 

 Scarlet runner, movement of, 118 

 Scorpions, food of, 65 

 Scurvy, causes of, 93, 94 

 Scurvy -grass, Cochlearia, 95 

 Sea-anemones, 58 



movement of, 123 



reproduction of, 164 

 Sea-cow, Sirenia, 77 

 Sea-horse, Hippocampus, 108, 178 

 Sea-lilies, Antedon, 59, 105, 178 

 Sea-snakes, 179 

 Sea-urchin, movement of, 125, 141 



ovaries of, 141 



Diadema setosa, rhythmic growth 

 of generative organs of, 141 



habitat of, 178 



eggs of, 190 

 Sea-water, 95 



Seals, Carnivora, 76, 77, 83 

 Seaweed, brown, 169 

 Secretin, 92 



Secretion by living plants and ani- 

 mals, 4-5 

 Sedge, rhizome of, 116-7 

 Seed-bearing plants, 175 

 Sepia, 182 



Sessile organism, 16, 22, 115, 122, 169 

 Sharks, 67 



basking shark, Cetorhinus, 67 



Sheep, food of, 80 



Shepherd's purse, seeds of, 175 



Shrew, 83 



water-, 83 

 Sieve-plates, 51 



-tubes, 51, 55 

 Silica, 43 



Silk-worm moth, eggs of, 190 

 Silts, 43 



Skate, number of eggs, 177 

 Skeletal elements of cells, 56 

 Skeletons, flinty, of diatoms, 25 

 Skunk, 82 



Sloths, food of, 75-6 

 Slow worm, Anguis fragilis, 71 

 Slugs, rate of movement, 125 

 Smelt ("Grunion"j, spawning habits 



of, 142 

 Snail, mode of movement of, 124 



rate of movement of, 125 



mode of reproduction, 182 

 Snakes, method of feeding, 70 



poison of, 71 

 Sodium, in protein, 9 



in protoplasm, 41 

 Soil, composition of, 43 



insects in, 46 

 Sol state in colloids, 122 

 Solen, 107 

 Soma, 166 

 Spallanzani, 112 

 Species, number of, 104 

 Specific gravity, of animals, 173 



of plants, 173 

 Spergula arvensis, size of stomata, 



54 

 Spermaceti, oil from, 76 

 Spermatophores, 182 

 Spermatozoa, of fish, 176, 182 



of mammals, 181 



larger and smaller, 184 

 Spermatozoon, 15, 16, 20, 116, 166 



size and shape, 184 

 Spice trade, importance of, 97 

 Spiders, food of, 65 



respiratory system of, 104 



generation of, 169 

 Spirogyra, 29 



growth of, 137 

 Sponge, gemmules of, 165 



horny, 178 

 Sponges, 87, 185 



