xxii Editor's Preface 



title : A New Method and Extraordinary Invention to Dress 

 Horses, and Work them, according to Nature ; as also to perfect 

 Nature by the subtlety of Art ; which ivas never found out but 

 by the thrice noble, high, and puissant Prince, William Cavendish, 

 etc. In the preface the Duke explains the relation of the 

 later to the earlier work : ' I did (during my long exile) publish 

 in French a book of Horsemanship ; and having again, since 

 my return to my native country, had much leisure, in my 

 solitary country life, to recollect my thoughts, and try new 

 experiments about that art ; I now, for the more particular 

 satisfaction of my countrymen, print this second book in 

 English, which, being neither a translation of the first, nor 

 an absolutely necessary addition to it, may be of use by 

 itself without the other, as the other hath been hitherto, 

 and is still, without this ; but both together will questionless 

 do best.' 



Another work of Newcastle's has come to light only lately. 

 The Duchess tells us that during the exile her husband sent 

 King Charles II ' a little book wherein he delivered his opinion 

 concerning the goverment of his dominions, whensoever God 

 should be pleased to restore him to his throne ' (p. ioo). Two 

 manuscript copies of this book are in existence, one in the 

 Bodleian Library, which is probably the copy presented to 

 the King, and the other in the possession of the Duke of 

 Portland. The second was printed by Mr. S. A. Strong in 

 3903, in his Catalogue of Letters and other historical Documents 

 preserved in the Library at Welbeck. 



Newcastle's advice to the King in some respects resembles 

 that which he gave the prince (Appendix p. 183). In both he 

 insists on the maintenance of ceremony as a fence to monarchy, 

 and the importance of externals as a means of impressing the 

 mind of the people. But in the advice to the King Newcastle 

 sets forth all his views on the arts of government in detail, 

 and all his observations on the errors of policy committed 

 by the king's father and grandfather. He passes in review 

 the court, the country, the lawyers, the clergy, the city and 

 the parliament, defining what the king's attitude should be 

 to each class and profession in the nation. More than once 

 in his reflections on the past and his recommendations as to 

 the future Newcastle echoes the views of Hobbes, and there 

 are many passages which might be paralleled from Leviathan 



