Editor's Preface xxiii 



or Behemoth. Like Hobbes Newcastle traces the Rebellion 

 to fanaticism. ' The Bible in English under every weaver's 

 and chambermaid's arm hath done us much hurt.' Hence- 

 forth religious zeal must be systematically repressed, preachers 

 controlled, and only permitted to deliver printed sermons 

 licensed by the bishops, teachers rigidly supervised, the 

 number of students in universities and schools limited, no 

 books of controversy save in Latin allowed, and the press put 

 under an effective censorship. Newcastle regarded the 

 Bishops as a sort of ecclesiastical policemen, intended to 

 maintain order in their dioceses, and to keep the king informed 

 about the movements of schismatics and papists. Episcopacy 

 was the only form of government compatible with monarchy, 

 which Popery and Presbytery alike tended to destroy. There- 

 fore the king must begin by re-establishing the Church of 

 England ' and thus shall your Majesty be not only an absolute 

 king, but pope within your dominions ', and his subjects 

 would have ' an easy and sweet government, in comparison 

 of the other two most tyrannical governments either of Popery 

 or Presbytery '. 



The most important thing however for the peace of both 

 Church and State was that the King should have complete 

 and sole control of the military forces of the realm. ' There 

 is nothing can so well settle the Church, and keep it in order, 

 as the power to be in your own hands, which is the drum and 

 the trumpet, for disputes will never have an end, and make 

 new and great disorders, but force quiets all things.' To begin 

 with therefore the London trained bands must be disarmed, 

 and two forts must be built on each side the Thames below 

 Greenwich to command the river and its trade, as the Spaniards 

 had done at Antwerp. There were to be good garrisons in the 

 port towns, a troop of horse kept on foot in every county, 

 and a militia commanded by trusty noblemen. 



To provide money for the expenses of the army and navy 

 the King must encourage trade by every means in his power. 

 * It is the merchant that brings honey to the hive. There- 

 fore keep up the merchant as high as possibly you can.' Let 

 there be no abuses in the farming of the customs, and no 

 monopolies, but lower the rate of interest, and establish an 

 excise. Above all the King must be economical ; there must 

 be no profuseness in unnecessary things such as jewels or 



