The Fourth Book : Essays and Discourses 135 



worshipped out of fear, lest he should hurt them. But by 

 this foolish policy, said he, they most commonly increase their 

 enemies, and lose their friends. For, first, it teaches men to 

 observe, that the only way to preferment, is to be against the 

 state or government. Next, since all that are factious cannot 

 be rewarded or preferred (by reason a state hath more subjects, 

 than rewards or preferments) there must of necessity be numer- 

 ous enemies ; for when their hopes of reward fail them, they 

 grow more factious and inveterate than ever they were at 

 first. Wherefore the best policy in a state or government, 

 said my Lord, is to reward friends, and punish enemies, and 

 prefer the honest before the factious ; and then all will be 

 real friends, and proffer their honest service, either out of pure 

 love and loyalty, or in hopes of advancement, seeing there 

 is none but by serving the state. 



LXIX 



I have heard him say several times, that his love to his 

 gracious master King Charles the Second was above the love 

 he bore to his wife, children, and all his posterity, nay, to his 

 own life : and when, since his return into England, I answered 

 him that I observed his gracious master did not love him so 

 well as he loved him ; he replied, that he cared not whether 

 his Majesty loved him again or not ; for he was resolved to 

 love him 1 . 



LXX 



I asking my Lord one time, what kind of fate it was that 

 restored our gracious King, Charles the Second, to his throne, 

 he answered, it was a blessed kind of fate. I replied, that I 

 had observed a perfect contrariety between the fortunes of his 

 royal father, of blessed memory, and him. For as there was 

 a division amongst the generality of the people, in the reign 

 of King Charles the First, tending to his destruction ; so 

 there was a general combination and agreement between them 

 in King Charles the Second his restoration ; and as there 



1 In the spirit of Butler's lines : 



Loyalty is still the same, 

 Whether it win or lose the game, 

 True as the dial to the sun, 

 Although it be not shined upon. 



