258 Animal Life and Intelligence. 



hive into a state of commotion. He was of opinion that 

 the impunity with which his assistant, Francis Burnens, 

 performed his various operations on bees was due to the 

 gentleness of his motions, and the habit of repressing his 

 respiration, it being the odour transmitted by the breath to 

 which the bees objected. Sir John Lubbock formed a little 

 bridge of paper, and suspended over it a camel's-hair brush 

 containing scent, and then put an ant at one end. She 

 ran forward, but stopped dead short when she came to the 

 scented brush. Dr. McCook introduced a pellet of blotting- 

 paper saturated with eau-de-Cologne into the neighbour- 

 hood of some pavement-ants, who were engaged in a free 

 fight. The effect was instantaneous ; in a very few seconds 

 the warriors had unclasped mandibles, relaxed their hold 

 of their enemies' legs, antennae, or bodies. 



The correct localization of the sense of smell has been 

 a matter of difficulty. Kirby and Spence localized it at 

 the extremity of the " nose," between it and the upper lip. 

 That the nose, they naively remark, corresponds with the 

 so-named part in mammalia, both from its situation and 

 often from its form, must be evident to every one who looks 

 at an insect. Lehman, Cuvier, and others, misled by the 

 fact that the organ of smell is in us localized at the 

 entrance of the air-track, supposed that at or near the 

 spiracles of insects were the organs of smell. Modern 

 research tends more and more clearly to localize the sense 

 of smell, as first suggested by Eeaumur, in the feelers or 

 antennae, and in some cases also in the palps. If the 

 antennae of a cockroach be extirpated or coated with 

 paraffin, he no longer rushes to food, and takes little notice 

 of, and will sometimes even walk over, blotting-paper 

 moistened with turpentine or benzoline, which a normal 

 insect cannot approach without agitation. There can be 

 little doubt that it is by means of its large branching 

 antennae that the male emperor moth (Saturnia carpini) is 

 able to find its mate.* If a collector take a virgin female 



* Mr. S. Klein mentions a similar fact in connection with Bombyx quercus 

 (Xature, voL xxxv. p. 282). 



