34-O Animal Life and Intelligence. 



to sleep again, and no amount of blowing disturbed her 

 further. Similarly, Mr. Romanes's dog was cowed at the 

 sound of apples being shot on to the floor of a loft above 

 the stable ; but when he was taken to the place, and saw 

 what gave rise to the sound, he ceased to be disquieted by 

 it. Every one must have seen animals defining their 

 constructs by examination. A monkey will spend hours 

 in the examination of an old bottle or a bit of looking- 

 glass. At the Zoological Gardens connected with the 

 National Museum at Washington, a monkey was observed 

 with a female opossum on his knee. He had discovered 

 the slit-like opening of the marsupial pouch, and took out 

 first one and then another of the young, looked them over 

 carefully, and replaced them without injury.* 



There may possibly be some difference of opinion as to 

 whether animals are able to infuse into their constructs 

 of other animals the element of feeling. One would, per- 

 haps, fain believe that the beasts of prey were wholly 

 unaware of the pain they inflict on other organisms. But 

 I question whether any close observer of animals could 

 hold this view. Even if it were supposed that when two 

 dogs fight they are blind to the pain they are inflicting on 

 each other, their mock-fighting seems to imply a con- 

 sciousness of the pain they might inflict, but avoid inflict- 

 ing. And many of us have presumably had experiences 

 analogous to the following: A favourite terrier of mine 

 was once brought home to me so severely gashed in the 

 abdominal region that I felt it necessary to sew up the 

 wound. In his pain the poor dog turned round and seized 

 my hand, but he checked himself before the teeth had 

 closed upon me tightly, and piteously licked my hand. 

 For myself, I cannot doubt that animals project into each 

 other the shadows of the feelings of which they are them- 

 selves conscious. 



The fact that dogs may be deceived by pictures f shows 

 that they may be led through the sense of sight to form 



* Nature, vol. xxxviii. p. 257. 



t For examples, see Romanes's " Animal Intelligence," p. 455. 



