repetition, sequence, and balance, 97 Characteristics of objects in 

 landscape composition, 98 Shape, 98 Individuality through shape 

 in landscape composition, 99 Value of shapes and their arrangement 

 in composition, 100 Size, scale, and distance, 101 Absolute and 

 relative scale, 101 Indication of scale in landscape composition, 101 



Effects of perspective, 102 Texture, 103 Scale relation of tex- 

 ture to size and shape, 103 Color, 104 Color and light, 105 

 Hue, intensity, and value in color composition, 106 Emotional effect 

 of colors, 107 Color harmony, 107 Color in landscape composi- 

 tion, no Light and shade, 1 1 1 Light and shade unity in landscape 

 composition, in Variability of light and shade, 112 Atmosphere 

 and atmospheric perspective,, 113 As a consideration in landscape 

 composition, 115 Illusions in composition, 116 Of material, 118 



Of shape, 119 Of size, 120 Of character, 121 Associa- 

 tional illusions, 121 Landscape compositions, 122 Typical kinds 

 of pictorial compositions, 123 The vista as a typical example, 124 



Pictorial enframement, foregrounds, backgrounds, and planes of dis- 

 tance, 1 26 Objects in landscape composition according to their 

 design value, 128 Temporary elements, 129. 



CHAPTER VIII 



NATURAL FORMS OF GROUND, ROCK, AND WATER AS ELEMENTS IN DESIGN 130-150 



The value in design of a knowledge of natural forms, 130 Hills 

 and mountains: typical forms, 131 Hill and mountain forms in 

 landscape composition, 132 Modification of effect of hill by treat- 

 ment of local details, 133 Valleys: typical forms, 134 Choice of 

 viewpoint for completeness of effect of valley, 135 Plains: typical 

 forms and effects, 136 Bodies of water : their effects, 136 Lakes, 

 137 Islands, 138 Shores and beaches, 138 Streams and stream 

 banks, 140 Waterfalls, 142 Rocks in naturalistic design, 143 

 Bowlders, 144 Ledges, 145 Color and texture of rocks, 146 Rock 

 planting, 147 Minor modeling of ground surface, 147 Banks, 148. 



CHAPTER IX 

 PLANTING DESIGN . , *;, 151-188 



Plants as material in landscape design, 151 The time element 

 in planting design, 152 Relation of planting design and maintenance, 

 153 Plant characteristics in landscape design, 153 Plant forms, 153 



Classes of tree forms and their uses in design, 154 Form the ex- 

 pression of mode of growth, 155 Winter tree form, 156 Form in 

 topiary work, 156 Plant texture, 157 Plant color, 159 Effect of 

 character of leaves on foliage color, 159 Range of foliage color, 159 



