2o6 LANDSCAPE DESIGN 



forms by subsequent chisel-work. In many cases the crispness of form 

 so obtained is sufficient for the purpose which the wall serves in the 

 design, but it has not yet proved commercially possible to produce 

 more cheaply in this way as delicate results as may be done in cut stone. 

 Somewhat the effect of a concrete wall may be produced even more 

 cheaply by the use of cement stucco on expanded metal lath or some 

 other similar material attached to wooden supports or perhaps to 

 supports of structural steel. Such an arrangement has the advantage 

 of lightness, cheapness, and rapidity of construction, but is not in any 

 other respect as desirable as cement or stone. These architectural and 

 sculptural forms may be obtained also, more cheaply than in cut stone, 

 in brick and in terra-cotta, with the addition of the natural texture of 

 the material and of the texture given to the whole work by the mortar 

 joints between the separate blocks. Where the whole texture of the 

 design is still larger and looser, or where the wall is intended to call 

 less attention to itself, the surface decoration of the wall may be the 

 more fortuitous one of good brickwork or good rough stonework, in 

 which there are as many possibilities as there are different available 

 materials and effective methods of brick-laying and stone-laying. The 

 designer should remember, however, that where the wall is being 

 treated as a structure, it should be built structurally : it should not, on 

 the one hand, for the sake of surface decoration, sacrifice the apparent 

 strength of base and wall and cap to decorative designs in brick or tile, 

 nor, on the other hand, for the sake of interest in texture and decora- 

 tion by planting, degenerate from a good job of masonry into a stone- 

 pile. 



Where the definite form of the wall is not to be insisted on, or some- 

 times in the panels between the piers of an architectural wall, the 

 texture of vegetation may be substituted for that of stonework by the 

 growth of vines hanging from above, espalier trees fastened to the sur- 

 face, or closely clinging vines growing from the bottom and entirely 

 concealing the wall. Still more diversity and interest may be given 

 to walls of these general characters by arranging, during their con- 

 struction, pockets filled with loam which may be properly watered and 

 in which rock-loving flowering plants may be set out, decorating the 

 wall-surface with masses of bloom. Such an arrangement among 



