APPENDIX 327 



and engineering, where this method of charge is more general, that on 

 the whole this method has proved satisfactory, and that the professional 

 adviser has been willing to spend much effort in reducing the cost of 

 the construction although thereby his own remuneration is correspond- 

 ingly reduced. 



The landscape architect may be paid a lump sum, determined be- 

 forehand, for all his services and expenses in relation to a certain piece 

 of work. From the point of view of the client this gives the advantage 

 of certainty, but it is likely to result in the landscape architect being 

 underpaid. It is uncertain just what plans and directions and investi- 

 gations will be necessary, even when the work to be constructed is 

 known in advance with some exactness. If the landscape architect 

 estimates liberally on these uncertainties, the payment which he asks 

 for may seem too high. Moreover, every private client, as the work 

 goes on, is very likely to see more clearly what the effect of the com- 

 pleted design will be, to become more interested in it, and to wish it 

 carried out more expensively, or added to in various ways, and the 

 additional work thus required of the landscape architect cannot easily 

 be estimated in advance, or later determined and covered by an addi- 

 tional charge. 



The landscape architect may be paid a stated fee plus his expenses. 

 The fee is his remuneration for his reputation and for his personal skill 

 and time employed on the work in question. The expenses are those 

 of the landscape architect and of the assistants employed on the work, 

 in the office and in the field, the expenses for materials, prints, travel- 

 ing, subsistence charges when traveling, etc., and the reasonable share 

 which the work should bear of the general office expenses, like rent, 

 light, heat, etc., which cannot be directly charged to a particular client. 

 In some offices these general expenses are about equal to the expenses 

 for assistants' pay ; but this will depend of course on the efficiency of 

 the office and on whether the landscape architect himself, if he does 

 drafting, charges for his own time as a draftsman. 



Some landscape architects make separate charges for their services 

 during the successive stages of the work, for instance : for preliminary 

 visit ; preliminary and general plans ; grading and construction plans, 

 specifications and estimates ; planting plans and planting lists, esti- 



