THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 15 



On the whole the industry of growing apples rests now on a more 

 stable and satisfactory basis than at any previous period in its 

 history. 



Lists 1845-1903. The 1845 catalogue of the Prince nursery, as 

 noted above, which claimed to enumerate only the best varieties, 

 contains 350 varieties of the apple. At that time the Baldwin was but 

 little known in New York state, although in the vicinity of Boston 

 it was already highly esteemed as a market apple. 1 In 1845 A - J- 

 Downing made the first attempt to list all of the varieties of apples 

 known in cultivation in America in his work entitled " The Fruits 

 and Fruit-trees of America." This was revised the second time by 

 his brother Charles Downing in 1869. Bailey finds that in these 

 two lists there are 1,856 varieties named, of which the origin of 

 172 is not known, 585 are of foreign origin, and 1,099 are American 

 varieties. 2 



Tnylor reports 3 that the 1852 list of the American Pomological Society 

 consists of 32 varieties, all but one of which, White Seek-No-Further, are still 

 propagated by nurserymen. The list is here given. 



" FRUITS WORTHY OF GENERAL CULTIVATION " : American Summer Pearmain 

 (Summer Pearmain), Baldwin, Bullock's Pippin, Danvers Winter Sweet, 

 Early Harvest, Early Strawberry, Fall Pippin, Fameuse, Gravenstein, Hub- 

 bardston Nonsuch, Large Yellow Bough (Sweet Bough), Lady Apple, Porter, 

 Red Astrachan, Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Summer Rose, 

 Swaar, Vandervere (Newtown Spitzenburg), White Seek-No-Further, Wine 

 Apple or Hays, Winesap (twenty-two varieties). " FOR PARTICULAR LOCALI- 

 TIES " : Canada Red, Esopus Spitzenburg, Newtown Pippin, Northern Spy, 

 Yellow Belle Fleur (five varieties). " NEW VARIETIES WHICH PROMISE 

 WELL": Autumn Bough, Hawley, Melon, Mother, Northern Spy (repeated), 

 Smoke-house (six varieties). Total 32 varieties. 



Additions to this list made from 1852 to 1891 brought the number of names 

 up to 435 of which " 22 were synonyms of others so that but 413 presumably 

 distinct varieties " had then been listed. Many of these had been rejected 

 so that the list of 1891 contained " 339 names, of which at least two are recog- 

 nized synonyms.'' 



This Society's list for 1901 consists of 296 names. 



In 1883 Barry made a descriptive list, 4 the main object of which was 

 " to bring to the notice of cultivators the best varieties, those which ample 

 experience has proved to be really valuable, or which upon a partial trial 

 give strong indications of becoming so." The list includes 29 summer 

 apples, 32 fall apples, 102 winter apples, and 21 crabapples. 



a Thacher Amer. Orch., Boston, 1822: 121. 



Kenrick New Amer. Orch., Boston, 1832: 41. 



Manning, Book of Fruits, Salem, 1838: 59. 

 2 An. Hort., 1892: 230. 

 a Am. Pom. Soc.. 1895: 192. 

 4 Barry's Fruit Garden: 331-361. 



