38 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



B. Median Stamens. In this class the stamens are located about the middle 

 of the calyx tube. 



C. Basal Stamens. In this class the stamens are found near the base of 

 the calyx tube. 



Core. In describing the core its location in the fruit is noticed, also 

 its size and the character of the carpels and of the seeds. 



Core Sessile. The core is sometimes very close to the stem. It may then 

 be called sessile. 



Core Median. If the core, as usually is the case, is located at about the 

 center of the apple, it is median. 



Core Distant. When the core is comparatively far from the stem it is 

 called distant. 



Carpels. The parchment-like walls of the seed cells are called carpels. 

 Fig. 3e. Since they vary in form somewhat as leaves do the terms used 

 in describing leaves may be well applied to them. In noting the form of 

 the carpels the stem of the fruit, which corresponds to the petiole of 

 the leaf, should be held towards the observer. The two sides of the seed 

 cell correspond to the two halves of a leaf, with the axis of the fruit 

 representing the midrib of the leaf. From this point of view it will be 

 noticed that the carpels of some fruits approximate a roundish form; 

 others a heart-shaped or cordate form; others a reversed cordate or ob- 

 cordate form; others are so broad as to be well termed elliptical, while 

 others are so narrow that they may be called oblong or elongated; or they 

 may be either ovate or obovate. If the outer edge at the tip is indented 

 it may be termed emarginate ; if long and slender-pointed it may be called 

 mucronate. Fig. 3. 



Hogg, in the classification of apples above referred to, 1 also notes the 

 following characters of carpels: When the walls extend to the axis, best 

 seen in a cross-section of the fruit, as in Fig. 8, the cells are symmetrical 

 and are termed a.rile, whether they are open or closed. When the walls 

 are distant from the axis, as in Mclntosh and English Russet, and the cells 

 are unsymmetrical, they are called abaxilc. Fig. 9. 



Open Cere. The core is called open when the cells are open, or slit, as 

 shown in Figs. 3 and 9. 



Closed Core. When the cells are closed the term closed core is applied. 

 See Jonathan, Red Canada and Fig. 8. 



The inner surface of the carpels may be either smooth, or, as in Tomp- 

 kins King, may have a soft whitish outgrowth. In this case the carpels 

 may be described as tufted? 



Seeds. The number of seeds to each seed cell varies with different varieties. 

 Two is the usual number. Sometimes no seeds develop. In rare cases there 

 are three or more seeds in a cell. The number, size, shape and color of the 

 seeds are all worthy of notice in a technical description of the apple. The 

 seeds like the carpels may be tufted. When the seed has a long sharp point 

 it is termed acuminate; if rather blunt, it is obtuse; if intermediate between 

 acuminate and obtuse, it is acute. 



Flesh. In a description of the flesh its color is noticed ; also the firmness 

 and grain of its texture; its juiciness; the acidity and aroma that are found 

 in its flavor, and lastly its general rating on all of the above points combined. 



1 Fruit Manual, London, 1884:xiii. 



2 The "Wollstreifen" of Soraner. See Handb. Planzenkrankheiten, zweite Auflage. 1: 

 295. 1886. 



