THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 119 



with grayish scarf-skin, and the roundish lenticels, although they are 

 usually small, are numerous and conspicuous, having a clear, pale 

 color. On the bark of the second season's growth the lenticels are 

 elongated transversely, still numerous and decidedly conspicuous. 

 In the English Russet the tendency of the fruit to become narrow 

 towards the eye is more marked than in the Golden Russet, and its 

 calyx is more often open, with the lobes reflexed. The Golden 

 Russet basin is often the wider and markedly saucer-shaped, with 

 the calyx set in a narrow, green or yellowish circle which contrasts 

 sharply with the surrounding russet. The stem of the Golden 

 Ruseet is usually the shorter and stouter, while that of the English 

 Russet often has a brownish-red streak not found on the other. 

 The cavity of the Golden Russet is somewhat larger and wider, but 

 on the average is hardly as deep as that of the English Russet. It is 

 often marked with grayish dots, while that of the English Russet 

 is not. The skin of the Golden Russet varies from a dull greenish 

 russet to golden russet ; and when grown under favorable conditions 

 sometimes has a bronze blush, but it does not take a polish. The 

 skin of the English Russet shows no sign of a blush, but it is some- 

 what the smoother, paler and brighter in color, and takes a good 

 polish. The flesh of the Golden Russet is richer in flavor, more 

 tender, and of higher quality than that of the English' Russet; its 

 seeds have a more marked red tinge ; its core is more distinctly 

 abaxile ; its cells are more often unsymmetrical ; its carpels are more 

 concave and its seeds are broader, more irregular in form and 

 size, less acute and more distinctly tufted. 



Historical. Although this has long been extensively grown under the name 

 English Russet it has not been identified with any European variety and its 

 origin is unknown. It is much grown in Westchester and Putnam counties 

 and is found in old orchards throughout the State. It is distinct from the 

 English Russet of Warder, 1 also from that described by Burrill and McCluer 2 

 as the " English Russet of England." 



TREE. 



Tree medium in size to rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. 

 Form upright. Twigs erect, medium or above medium in length, moderately 

 stout to rather slender, often with large terminal bud ; internodes short. Bark 

 rather dark clear brownish-red or, on the shaded side, brownish-green, covered 



*Amcr. Pom. 1867:62 S . *Ill. Sta. Bui, 45: 3 2o. 1896. 



