138 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit above medium to large. Form roundish sometimes inclined to conic, 

 often slightly oblate, elliptical or broadly and obscurely ribbed; sides some- 

 times unequal, uniform in size and shape. Stem medium to rather long, 

 curved towards one side. Cavity moderately broad to broad, acuminate or 

 acute, deep, indistinctly furrowed, often with greenish or red russet spreading 

 out upon the base of the fruit. Calyx small or medium, closed or slightly 

 open; lobes long, acuminate or acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, 

 broad, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed, wrinkled. 



Skin tough, nearly smooth at base except where the russet spreads out 

 from the cavity but somewhat rough towards the apex, attractive deep yellow 

 or greenish mottled and blushed with orange-red sometimes deepening to a 

 purplish hue, irregularly splashed and striped with deep carmine and over- 

 spread with a thin bloom which produces a rather dull effect. When polished 

 the colors become clear yellow and bright dark red and carmine. Dots con- 

 spicuous, yellow or russet, small and very numerous toward the calyx, more 

 scattering, larger, irregular and more often grayish areolar toward the base. 



Calyx tube rather large, broad, conical or sometimes inclined to funnel- 

 form. Stamens median to basal. 



Core irregular, abaxile, medium to large ; cells often unsymmetrical, open 

 or partly closed; core lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels roundish 

 or inclined to cordate, slightly tufted. Seeds below medium to large, light 

 brown, rather narrow, acute, tufted. 



Flesh yellowish, moderately firm, crisp, somewhat coarse, juicy, aromatic, 

 mild subacid mingled with sweet eventually becoming sweet, good to very 

 good. 



Season November to April. 



GILLIFLOWER. 



The old variety which is correctly known among pomologists as the Black 

 Gilliflower is commonly known to fruit growers by the simple name Gilli- 

 flower. For an account of this variety the reader is referred to Black Gilli- 

 flower. 



The Cornish Gilliflower is a very old English variety quite distinct from 

 the Black Gilliflower. It was formerly somewhat grown but it is now practi- 

 cally obsolete in New York. 



GILPIN. 



REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:155. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:122. 3. Wilson, 

 1828:136. 4. Kenrick, 1832:42. 5. Downing, 1845:144. 6. Thomas, 1849:164, 

 189. fig. 7. Cole, 1849:135. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:66. 1851. 9. 

 Hooper, 1857:39. 10. Elliott, 1858:135. n. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12, 

 Warder, 1867:559. fig. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpl, 1890:292. 14. Bailey, 

 An. Hort., 1892:239. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:89. 16. Powell and Fulton, 

 U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:42. 1903. 17. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 248: 

 121. 1904. 



SYNONYMS. CARTHOUSE (i, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8). Carthouse (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 

 15, 16). Gilpin (6). Little Red Romanite (12, 15, 17). Red Romanite of 

 Ohio (6). Romanite (7). Romanite of the West (9, 10). 



