THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 177 



comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate crops biennially. The 

 fruit hangs well to the tree but is not very uniform in grade and does not 

 produce as large a percentage of marketable fruit as either Baldwin or Rhode 

 Island Greening. It is in season about with Baldwin. It is a variety of 

 Tennessee origin which is highly esteemed in some sections of that state and 

 in other portions of the Middle West (4). So far as tested in New York it 

 does not appear to be adapted to regions as far north as this. 



Historical. Origin Franklin, Williamson county, Tennessee. It is practi- 

 cally unknown in New Yoik. 



TREE. 



Tree medium in size, a moderately vigorous grower; branchlets rather 

 slender. Form rather spreading or roundish, irregular, not dense. Twigs 

 medium to rather long, moderately slender, often irregularly crooked. Bark 

 brownish-red or some portions olive-green, somewhat pubescent; scarf-skin 

 thin, not conspicuous. Lenticels rather numerous, irregular in size, not often 

 large, usually very small, dull, elongated. Buds considerably sunk in the 

 bark, rather broad, obtuse, appressed, quite pubescent. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit medium to large. Form oblate inclined to conic, flat at the base, 

 rather obscurely ribbed, nearly regular, sides sometimes unequal. Stem not 

 exserted, short, rather thick. Cavity very wide, deep, acute, sometimes 

 russeted. Calyx small, closed or partly open. Basin moderately wide, deep, 

 abrupt, gently furrowed, often somewhat oblique. 



Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled and blushed with 

 red, in the sun becoming a lively deep red shading to purplish-red. Dots 

 numerous, small, whitish, becoming somewhat elongated towards the cavity. 

 Prevailing effect good dark red. 



Calyx tube conical and moderately short varying to almost cylindrical and 

 deep, sometimes extending to the core. Stamens nearly marginal. 



Core small, axile ; cells symmetrical, closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels 

 obcordate, emarginate, noticeably concave, tufted. Seeds rather short, wide, 

 plump. 



Flesh tinged with yellow, crisp, moderately fine or a little coarse, agreeably 

 subacid, somewhat aromatic, good to very good. 



KIRKLAND. 



REFERENCES, i. Downing, 1881:92 app. 2. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 143:200. 

 1897- 



A fruit of the type of the Yellow Bellflower but with less acidity, valued 

 locally in Central and Eastern New York because it is productive, a good late 

 keeper, fairly acceptable for dessert and good for culinary use. When well 

 grown it is often partly suffused with a lively reddish-pink and late in the 

 spring the ground color becomes a clear rich yellow, giving it a very attractive 

 appearance for a yellow apple. The tree is a vigorous grower and a reliable 

 cropper. The fruit often keeps in ordinary storage till May or June. It is 

 doubtless worthy of more attention from fruit growers in the localities to 

 which it is well adapted. 



