THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 185 



almost annually, and the fruit hangs well to the tree. When it over- 

 bears, as it often does, there is apt to be a considerable portion of 

 undersized and poorly colored fruit. This difficulty may be rem- 

 edied in part by pruning so as to restrict the amount of bearing 

 wood and permit free access of light and air to all parts of the tree. 



Historical. This variety originated in the vicinity of Newburg where it 

 established an excellent local reputation. It was first introduced into more 

 general cultivation by the Downing Nurseries of that place (i, 3, 5). It is 

 now propagated in the North Atlantic States, the Middle West and the Pacific 

 region (16). 



TREE. 



Tree in the nursery is a slim, slow grower with tender foliage and soft 

 wood and should be top-worked. In the orchard under favorable conditions 

 it becomes moderately vigorous or in some cases a rather strong grower. 

 Form rather upright becoming roundish and somewhat spreading. Twigs 

 medium to rather short, slender; internodes medium to short. Bark dull 

 olive-green or reddish-brown with thin scarf-skin ; pubescent particularly 

 toward the tips. Lenticels rather inconspicuous, scattering, very small, elon- 

 gated or roundish, raised. Buds medium to small, obtuse, closely appressed, 

 slightly pubescent; ends often swollen so that the bud sets on an eminence. 

 Leaves rather narrow, medium to small, ovate. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit large to medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish 

 conic, often approaching oblong conic, irregularly elliptical, often ribbed, 

 nearly symmetrical. Stem short to very short. Cavity acute or approaching 

 acuminate, deep, usually rather narrow, sometimes wide, gently furrowed, 

 often partly russeted, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed, pubescent. 

 Basin small, narrow, rather shallow to moderately deep, abrupt, furrowed. 



Skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow or greenish, in highly colored specimens 

 almost entirely overspread with bright red splashed with carmine. It is 

 mottled and striped with whitish scarf-skin about the cavity. Dots rather 

 conspicuous, small to rather large, pale areolar with russet point or sub- 

 merged, numerous toward the basin. 



Caly.v tube conical varying to funnel-shape. Stamens basal to median. 



Core small to above medium, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells not uniformly 

 developed, closed; core lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels broad, 

 roundish to roundish ovate, mucronate, sometimes slightly emarginate, some- 

 what tufted. Seeds dark, large, rather narrow, long, acute, slightly tufted, 

 often abortive. 



Flesh whitish or with slight yellow tinge, rather firm, moderately fine, crisp, 

 tender, juicy, sweet with a distinct and pleasant aroma, very good to best. 



Season November to April or May ; in cold storage to May or June. 



LANDON. 



REFERENCES, i. Warder, 1867724. 2. Downing, 1872:248. 3. Thomas, 

 1885:515. 4. Macomber, Am. Card., 11:141. 1890. 



