190 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



the attacks of the apple scab fungus, but this may be readily con- 

 trolled by proper treatment. This variety is seldom regarded favor- 

 ably for commercial planting by New York fruit growers, and the 

 quality is not high enough to give it a place among the varieties 

 recommended for the home orchard. 



Historical. Origin uncertain. " Introduced by Geo. S. Park, of Parkville, 

 Mo., and said to have been found in an old Indian orchard in Kansas" (i, 

 4). Reintroduced from Delaware under the name Delaware Winter (7). It 

 has also been disseminated in some portions of New York under the name 

 Black Spy. During the last forty years it has been pretty thoroughly dissemi- 

 nated throughout the country. 



TREE. 



Tree medium or above, vigorous or moderately vigorous ; branches long, 

 moderately stout, curved. Form roundish or somewhat flat, spreading, rather 

 dense. Tzvigs short to rather long, curved, moderately stout; internodes 

 medium to rather long. Bark dark brownish-red mingled with olive-green, 

 mottled with rather heavy scarf-skin, slightly pubescent near the tips. Lenti- 

 cels dull, inconspicuous, rather scattering, medium to large, elongated, raised. 

 Buds large to medium, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit medium or above ; as fruited here it usually averages no more than 

 medium and often a considerable portion of the crop runs below medium. 

 Form roundish or somewhat oblate, ribbed but slightly if at all, regular and 

 symmetrical. Stem variable, often long and slender. Cavity acute or ap- 

 proaching acuminate, deep, rather large and broad, often compressed or dis- 

 tinctly furrowed, usually more or less russeted and often with outspreading 

 russet rays. Calyx rather small, closed or partly open, often leafy; lobes 

 sometimes separated at the base. Basin usually rather wide, flat and obtuse, 

 sometimes moderately deep and moderately abrupt, gently furrowed, some- 

 times wrinkled. 



Skin moderately thin, tough, sometimes a little waxy, smooth, occasionally 

 showing some of the yellow ground color but usually completely covered with 

 solid bright red which about the base deepens to purplish and is often mottled 

 and streaked with dull grayish scarf-skin. Toward the apex it has a character- 

 istic lighter and brighter red tone. Dots whitish or russet, small and numer- 

 ous about the basin, larger and scattering toward the cavity. 



Calyx tube rather long, narrow at top, funnel-form. Stamens median. 



Core abaxile, medium or above ; cells pretty symmetrical, open or partly 

 closed; core lines clasping. Carpels somewhat concave, roundish to broadly 

 obcordate, but slightly emarginate if at all, somewhat tufted. Seeds dark, 

 medium to rather large, wide, obtuse, somewhat tufted. 



Flesh slightly tinged with yellow or greenish, rather hard, somewhat break- 

 ing, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, rather brisk subacid, somewhat aro- 

 matic, not highly flavored, fair to good in quality. 



Season January to May or June. Commercial limit March or possibly 

 April. 



