256 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



Historical. This old variety has been long known among New York fruit 

 growers by the names Pennock, Pennick, Penick and Phoenix. The true 

 Phoenix is a distinct variety which apparently has never been known among 

 New York fruit growers. Pennock is said to have been first cultivated by 

 Joseph Pennock, of Springfield township, Delaware county, Pennsylvania. 

 It was formerly grown to a considerable extent in Pennsylvania and New 

 Jersey and was at one time popular in the Philadelphia market (r, 2). In 

 1867 Warder remarked that it was then universally cultivated in nearly all 

 parts of the country. In New York state it is found principally in old orchards 

 and is now seldom planted. 



TREE. 



Tree large or medium, often very vigorous. Form regular, symmetrical, 

 upright spreading. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to oblate or slightly 

 oblong, often inclined to conic, sometimes obscurely ribbed or elliptical but 

 usually pretty regular ; axis sometimes oblique. Stem short, moderately thick, 

 not exserted. Cavity medium in size, acute or approaching acuminate, moder- 

 ately narrow to rather broad, deep, usually symmetrical, green or russeted, 

 sometimes with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to rather large, 

 closed or partly open ; lobes medium to long, acute, connivent or varying to 

 flat and convergent, pubescent. Basin medium in size, shallow to medium 

 in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, somewhat abrupt, sometimes 

 obtuse, often a little furrowed or slightly wrinkled. 



Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, yellow or greenish washed and mottled 

 with red rather indistinctly striped with carmine and somewhat mottled and 

 streaked with thin scarf-skin. Well-colored specimens are almost wholly 

 covered with bright deep red. Dots numerous, conspicuous, large, gray or 

 yellowish, often areolar with russet point. 



Calyx tube rather large, moderately wide, usually conical, sometimes ap- 

 proaching truncate funnel-shape. Stamens basal to nearly median. 



Core small, axile ; cells uniformly developed, closed ; core lines meeting or 

 slightly clasping. Carpels ovate to roundish obcordate, emarginate, sometimes 

 tufted. Seeds medium to large, moderately narrow, rather long, plump, some- 

 what acute, rarely tufted. 



Flesh yellowish, firm, somewhat coarse, rather crisp, tender, rather juicy, 

 subacid to mild subacid or nearly sweet; flavor lacking in character; quality 

 fair to good. 



Season December to April or May. 



PERRY RUSSET. 



REFERENCES, i. Willey, Horticulturist, 17:168. 1862. 2. Warder, 1867:468. 

 fig. 3. Downing, 1869:303. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Thomas, 1875: 

 509. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 7. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 

 1892:271. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 9. Hansen, 5. D. Sta. Bui, 76:84. 

 1902. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903:149. n. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 

 248:137- 1904- 



