THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 263 



deep and abrupt to rather shallow and obtuse, rather narrow to moderately 

 wide, slightly furrowed or wrinkled. 



Skin tough, leathery, smooth, dull greenish-yellow blushed with dull red, 

 becoming deep pinkish-red in highly colored specimens, with numerous narrow 

 stripes of dark carmine, and overspread with a thin bloom which gives a dull 

 effect. Dots small, gray. 



Caly^ tube long, very narrow below, funnel-shape. Stamens median to 

 basal. 



Core medium in size, axile or nearly so ; cells usually partly open ; core lines 

 clasping. Carpels obcordate, emarginate. Seeds numerous, medium or above, 

 rather wide, plump, somewhat acute. 



Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, hard; pretty coarse, somewhat crisp, not 

 tender, juicy, mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, fair or possibly good. 



Season January to July. 



PINE STUMP. 



REFERENCES, i. Berckmans, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1891:160. 2. Lyon, Mich. 

 Sta. Bui., 143:201. 1897. 3. Massey, N. C. Sta. Bui, 149:318. 1898. 



As fruited at this Station this is a dull red apple hardly medium in size. 

 It is in season from November to February. It originated in Granville county, 

 North Carolina. In that region it is in season from the middle of September 

 to early winter and it is said to be a very showy fruit and an excellent market 

 apple of fine flavor and good quality (i, 3). It does not appear to be adapted 

 to New York conditions and is not recommended for planting in this state. 



PIPPIN. 



The word Pippin, from the old English word Pippin, a seed, or 

 the French Pepin, a pip or kernel, formerly signified a seedling 

 apple in distinction from a budded or grafted tree. Hogg remarks 

 that, " Leonard Mascal, writing in 1572, says, ' Then shall you cover 

 your seedes or pepins with fine erth so sifting al over them ' ; and 

 ' when the winter is past and gone, and that ye see your Pepins rise 

 and growe ' ; and again, ' When so euer ye doe replante or change 

 your Pepin trees from place to place, in so remouing often the 

 stocke the frute there of shall also change ; but the frute which doth 

 come of Grafting doth always kepe the forme and nature of the tree 

 whereof he is taken '. 



" It is evident from this last quotation that Pippin is synonymous 

 with seedling, and is used to distinguish a tree raised directly from 

 seed from one that has been raised from grafts or cuttings. The 

 Golden Pippin, which, by the way, was raised in Sussex, where 

 Mascal also was born, means simply Golden Seedling. 



