THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 275 



families by whom it was brought into notice (2). It was introduced into 

 Ohio by the early settlers from Pennsylvania and its cultivation gradually 

 spread westward with the tide of emigration (27). In many localities in the 

 central portion of the Mississippi valley it is still a favorite fruit. Wickson 

 (32) says that on the Pacific Coast it has failed to sustain the reputation 

 which it gained in the East. Generally speaking, it appears to be less popular 

 and certainly less widely planted to-day than it was a quarter of a century 

 ago. 



TREE. 



Tree medium size, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spread- 

 ing, open. The old bark is peculiarly rough. Twigs medium to long, moder- 

 ately stout, broad ; internodes medium. Bark brownish-red mingled with 

 olive-green, lightly blotched and irregularly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly 

 pubescent. Lcnticels numerous, small to medium, round, not raised. Buds 

 medium, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit medium or sometimes large, often averaging no more than medium 

 size, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form usually roundish and somewhat 

 oblate but varies to roundish oblong approaching truncate, symmetrical, 

 usually regular but sometimes faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium in 

 length, rather slender. Cavity pretty regular, moderately wide, rather deep, 

 acute or acuminate, sometimes smooth but usually with some outspreading 

 russet. Calyx small to medium, usually closed; lobes medium to long, rather 

 narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin wide, moderately deep, rather abrupt, 

 often furrowed and somewhat wrinkled. 



Skin thin, a little tough, smooth or slightly roughened with russet dots, 

 pale greenish-yellow, mottled with red, striped with carmine and overspread 

 with grayish bloom. Dots conspicuous, rather large, whitish, gray or russet. 

 In highly colored specimens the red is predominant. 



Calyx tube funnel-form, rather long with wide limb. Stamens median to 

 marginal. 



Core medium to small, axile ; cells closed ; core lines clasping. Carpels 

 roundish to broadly obovate, emarginate, slighly tufted. Seeds medium to 

 rather large, broad, rather flat, obtuse, slightly tufted, light and dark brown. 



Flesh whitish with tinge of yellow or green, firm, rather fine, very crisp, 

 tender, juicy, mildly subacid, aromatic, good to very good. Particularly 

 desirable for dessert 



RED CANADA. 



REFERENCES, i. Thacher, 1822:131. 2. Fessenden, 1828:131. 3. Manning, 

 Mag. Plort., 7:47. 1841. 4. Hovey, Ib., 13:75. 1847. fig. 5. Watts and Down- 

 ing, Horticulturist, 1:482. 1847. 6. Downing, Ib., 2:289. 1847. 7. Hovey, 

 Mag. Hort., 14:124. 1848. 8. Horticulturist, 2:483, 544. 1848. 9. Thomas, 

 1849:171. fig. 10. Cole, 1849:127. ii. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:101. 1851. 

 col. pi. No. 42. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 13. Mag. Hort., 19:68. 1853. 

 14. Elliott, 1854:102. fig. 15. Hooper, 1857:76. 16. Downing, 1857:97. fig. 

 17. Warder, 1867:542. 18. Regel, 1868:465. 19. Barry, 1883:353. 20. Wick- 

 son, 1889:247. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 22. Bailey, An. 

 Hort., 1892:247. 23. Amer. Card., 20:104. 1899. 24. Budd-Hansen, 1903:161, 



