THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 293 



Western New York described on page 275. Waugh identifies this variety as 

 the Roseau of Downing and remarks that it is really an important apple. 1 

 He states that it is known in some parts of Vermont as the Winesap and that 

 it is the Pomme de Fer of Quebec (4). Plumb (3) gives Flushing Spitzen- 

 burg as its correct name and calls it identical with the variety described by 

 Downing under the name Baltimore. We have not had an opportunity of 

 verifying the conclusions of either Waugh or Plumb with regard to this 

 matter. 



The following is Waugh's description of the variety. 



" The distinguishing good qualities of this variety are its peculiarly firm, 

 solid flesh, making it a late keeper and a good shipper, and its fine solid red 

 color, which makes it attractive in the barrel. It is unusually hardy in tree, 

 so that it may be grown in northern latitudes with great success. So far as 

 I know it is as hardy as Duchess of Oldenburg. Here is the technical descrip- 

 tion of the variety made from Vermont specimens: Fruit irregular, oblate, size 

 medium to large, cavity irregular, medium deep, stem medium long, basin 

 shallow, usually smooth, calyx small, closed, color two shades of dull red, 

 mottled and splashed, nearly covering dull green ground, dots many, yellowish, 

 very conspicuous, bloom thin, skin tough, flesh white, core medium, slightly 

 open, flavor subacid, quality good, season midwinter." 



ROXBURY. 



REFERENCES, i. Thacher, 1822:136. 2. Fessenden, 1828:130. 3. Kenrick, 

 1832:53. 4. Mag. Hort., 1:364. 1835. 5. Manning, 1838:62. 6. Mag. Hort., 

 7:48. 1841. 7. Downing, 1845:133. fig. 8. Floy-Lindley, 1846:411 app. 9. 

 Horticulturist, 1:52, 341, 361. 1846-47. 10. Ib., 2:483. 1848. n. Hovey, 

 Mag. Hort., 14:112, 173. 1848. 12. Thomas, 1849:185, 190. fig. 13. Cole, 1849: 

 135- fig- 14. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 15. Emmons, Nat. Hist. 

 N. Y., 3:96. 1851. col. pi. No. 18. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 

 1854:106. 18. Hooper, 1857:73, 82. 19. Gregg, 1857:59. 20. Horticulturist, 

 13:144. 1858. 21. Mag. Hort., 26:6, 101. 1860. 22. Ib., 29:437. 1863. 

 23. ///. Handb. der Obstk., 8:157. 1865. 24. Warder, 1867:25, 491. fig. 25. 

 Regel, 1868:444. 26. Thompson, Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1:31. 1870. 27. 

 Leroy, 1873:153. fig. 28. Gardiner, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1882. (cited by 35). 

 29. Barry, 1883:354. 30. Hogg, 1884:27. 31. Wickson, 1889:245. 32. Lyon, 

 Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 33. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 34. Mun- 

 son, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 35. Knowlton, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1894:126. 

 36. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui, 118:62. 1895. 37- Woolverton, Out. Fr. Stas. An. 

 Rpt., 3:13- 1896. fig. 38. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 39. 

 Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:434. 40. Budd-Hansen, 1903:169. fig. 41. Powell and 

 Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:55. 1903. 42. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bui, 

 248:142. 1904. 



SYNONYMS. Belpre Russet (17, 18, 27). BOSTON RUSSET (25, 27, 30). 

 Boston Russet (9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 24, 37). Marietta Russet (17, 18, 27). 

 Putmans Russet (27, 30). PUTNAM RUSSET (23, 39). Putnam Russet (9, 

 TO, n, 17, 18, 24, 27, of Ohio 12, 13 and 15). ROXBURY RUSSET (4, 5, 6, 8, 

 9, 10, n, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34). Roxbury 

 Russet (3, 27, 30, 40, 41, 42). ROXBURY RUSSETING (i, 2, 3). Roxbury 



1 Letter, 1905. 



