THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 373 



russeted and with coarse outspreading russet rays. Calyx rather small, closed 

 or partly open ; lobes small, connivent, acute, pubescent. Basin medium in 

 size, abrupt, moderately shallow to rather deep, usually rather wide, often 

 somewhat furrowed, wrinkled. 



Skin moderately thick, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale yellow or greenish 

 blushed with thin dull red or in highly colored specimens predominantly deep 

 red, sometimes obscurely striped with dull carmine. Dots characteristically 

 conspicuous, usually rather large, dull, pale, often areolar with russet center, 

 sometimes mingled with flecks of russet. 



Caly.v tube funnel-form. Stamens median or below. 



Core small, axile; cells not uniformly developed, closed; core lines clasping 

 the funnel cylinder. Cartels broad narrowing toward base and apex, varying 

 to obcordate, tufted. Seeds variable, below medium to rather large, moder- 

 ately narrow to rather wide, obtuse or approaching acute, tufted, light brown. 



Flesh nearly white, tinged with green or yellow, firm, moderately fine- 

 grained to somewhat coarse, juicy, somewhat aromatic, mild subacid becoming 

 nearly sweet, good to possibly very good for dessert. 



WINE. 



REFERENCES, i. Coxe, 1817:121. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:140. 3. (?) Wilson, 

 1828:136. 4. Fessenden, 1828:131. 5. Kenrick, 1832:54. 6. Floy-Lindley, 

 1833:87. 7. Mag. H ort., i -.364. 1835. 8. Manning, 1838:55. 9. Ib., Mag. Hort., 

 7:51. 1841. 10. Downing, 1845:143. n. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:354. 

 fig. 12. Thomas, 1849:175. 13. Cole, 1849:120. 14. Emmons, Nat. Hist. 

 N. Y., 3:03. 1851. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 16. Elliott, 1854:116. fig. 

 17. Gregg, 1857:60. 18. Hooper, 1857:43, 96. 19. Warder, 1867:466. 20. 

 Fitz, 1872:143, 150. 21. Barry, 1883:357. 22. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 

 1890:300. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 24. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893: 

 134. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903:206. 26. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bui., 182:23. 1903 



SYNONYMS. Fine Winter (i, 2, 5, 6). Hays (21, 25, 26). Hays Apple (5, 

 n, 12, 14, 18). Hays Wine (24). Hays Winter (i, 2, 6, 10, n, 12, 13, 16, 

 17, 18, 19, 22). Hays Winter Wine (16). Hollow Crown Pearmain (16). 

 Large Winter Red (i, 2, 5). Pennsylvania Redstreak (19). Pennsylvania 

 Red Streak (21, 24, 25). WINE APPLE (i, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n, 14, 17). Wine 

 Apple (16). Winter Wine (16, 21). 



Wine is a large and rather attractive red apple of good to very good quality 

 for dessert use. It is in season from late October to March or April. Coxe 

 published the following description of it in 1817 (i). "An uncommonly large, 

 fair, handsome red apple the form is round, flat at the ends : the skin is a 

 lively red, streaked and spotted with a small portion of yellow : the stalk end 

 frequently of a russet colour, both ends deeply indented ; the stalk very short, 

 the taste is rich and pleasant, an admired table fruit, and excellent for cooking 

 as well as for cider ; it ripens in October, and keeps well through the fall and 

 winter. The tree is uncommonly large and handsome, the leaves small, it 

 bears abundantly;, from its spreading form, it does not require much trim- 

 ming it is probably as saleable an apple as any sold in the Philadelphia 

 market: in the state and county of Delaware it is called Hays Winter; and 

 in some places in New- Jersey, the fine Winter, and large Winter Re4" 



