THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 31 



healthy, and moderately long-lived. It comes into bearing rather 

 young and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or 

 almost annually. Some find Champlain a profitable commercial 

 variety, but usually it is grown for home use rather than for 

 market. 



Historical. Origin unknown. In 1871 (5) it was included in the list of 

 the American Pomological Society's Catalogue under the name Summer 

 Pippin, but since 1897 it has been listed as Champlain (n). Old trees of 

 it are frequently found in, the home orchards throughout the state. It is 

 now seldom planted. 



TREE. 



Tree medium to large, vigorous with long and moderately stout branches. 

 Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to medium, 

 straight, moderately stout ; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with 

 olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels 

 scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, 

 obtuse, appressed, pubescent. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit medium to large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form round- 

 ish, rather conical to ovate or somewhat oblong, irregularly ribbed; sides 

 somewhat unequal. Stem medium to long, medium to rather thick. Cavity 

 acuminate to acute, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to medium 

 in. width, sometimes furrowed and usually lightly russeted. Calyx small to 

 medium, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow to medium in depth, nar- 

 row, a little abrupt, nearly smooth. 



Skin tender, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, often with a light crimson 

 blush. Dots numerous, small, russet or submerged. 



Calyx tube conical to funnel-form, usually rather short but sometimes 

 elongated. Stamens median to marginal. 



Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile ; cells open; core lines clasp the 

 funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, elongated ovate, not emarginate. Seeds 

 rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow and short, plump, sharp 

 pointed, almost acuminate. 



Flesh white or with slight tinge of yellow, rather fine, very tender, juicy, 

 sprightly, subacid, good to very good. 



Season late August till October. 



CHANDLER. 



REFERENCES. i. Kenrick, 1835 165. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1846 1410, app. 

 3. Thomas, 1849:164. 4. Cole, 1849:122. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:67. 

 1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:168. 7. Downing, 1857:128. 8. Hooper, 1857:24. 

 9. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Downing, 1869:122. n. Fitz, 1872:169. 



SYNONYMS. CHANDLER (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, n). Chandler's Red 

 (11). General Chandler (i). Late Chandler (10). Winter Chandler (6). 



