THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 63 



to midautumn and in being more roundish and less flattened, and 

 in having a short, thick stem which is not exserted. 



Historical. Origin unknown. Downing (10) held the opinion that Fall 

 Pippin is an American variety and probably a seedling raised in this country 

 from either the White Spanish Reinette or the Holland Pippin, both of 

 which it resembles. It has been widely disseminated from the Atlantic to 

 the Pacific in most of the important apple-growing regions of the continent 

 and is still listed by many nurserymen (30). We are unable to determine 

 how long this variety has been in cultivation. In some New York orchards 

 trees of it are found which are more than one hundred years old. It is 

 quite generally grown for home use throughout New York, and also to a 

 limited extent for market, but it is now seldom planted. 



TREE. 



Tree large, moderately vigorous to very vigorous, with large, long branches 

 which eventually become somewhat drooping. Form spreading or roundish 

 and rather dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large 

 terminal buds ; internodes medium. Bark dark reddish-brown, somewhat 

 tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; much pubescent. 

 L.enticels scattering, medium size, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad, 

 plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. 



FRUIT. 



Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form round- 

 ish to roundish oblate, sometimes a little inclined to conic, or sometimes 

 slightly oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather 

 long, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, moderately deep, moder- 

 ately narrow to rather wide, symmetrical or sometimes compressed, russeted. 

 Calyx medium to large, open; lobes separated at the base, moderately long, 

 rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth to deep, moderately nar- 

 row to rather wide, abrupt, wavy, slightly wrinkled. 



Skin thin, smooth, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow, 

 sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or 

 russet. 



Calyx tube large, wide, long, conical to nearly funnel-form. Stamens 

 median to basal. 



Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly 

 open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. 

 Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, somewhat acute, plump. 



Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, 

 very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. 



Season late September to January. 



FALL WINE. 



REFERENCES. i. Mag. Hort., 14:114. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:108. 3. Ib., 

 1849:109. 4. Elliott, 1854:77. 5. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 6. Hooper, 



