112 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. 



sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity very acuminate, 

 deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, somewhat furrowed, irregularly 

 russeted, frequently compressed. Calyx large, usually somewhat open. 

 Basin moderately deep to deep, medium in .width, very abrupt, furrowed and 

 wrinkled. 



Skin smooth, rather tough, clear bright yellow washed with red which 

 sometimes deepens to a pinkish blush, striped and splashed with carmine 

 and mottled over the base with dull scarf-skin. Dots scattering, small to 

 large, pale gray, conspicuous. Prevailing effect greenish-yellow ; not par- 

 ticularly attractive. 



Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens variable but usually median. 



Core rather small, usually abaxile ; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, wide 

 open ; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate, 

 sometimes tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, small to medium, rather numer- 

 ous, very short, very plump, obtuse. 



Flesh nearly white, firm, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to 

 good. 



Season October to December. 



JULY. 



REFERENCES, i. Rural N. Y., 1861 (cited by 15). 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 

 29:112. 1863. 3. Hanford, Horticulturist, 19:273. 1864. fig. 4. Warder, 

 1867:719. 5. Downing, 1869:181. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:499. 7. ///. Hort. 

 Soc. Rpt., 1876:252. 8. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:471. 9. Hoskins, Rural 

 N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. n. Amer. 

 Card., 12:570. 1891. figs. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 13. Burrill and 

 McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:321. 1896. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. 15. 

 Ragan, U. S. B. P. L Bui, 56:160. 1905. 



SYNONYMS. August (4, 15, of Cassel, Germany, 3). FOURTH OF JULY (2, 

 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 13). Fourth of July (15, ? 5). JULY (i, 3, 7, 15). 

 JULY, Fourth of (14). McAdoiv's June (4, 15). Siberian August (4, 15, 

 of Germany 2). Stewart's Nonpareil (15, ? 4). TETOFSKI (5). Tctofsky, 

 erroneously (4, 15). 



This fruit closely resembles Tetofsky and some have considered the two 

 varieties identical (4) but they are quite distinct in tree. It is not recom- 

 mended for planting in New York because it is not equal to standard 

 varieties of its season. 



Historical Hovey states that " The Fourth of July apple, in Germany 

 called the Siberian August apple, was sent from the Russian province Lief- 

 land, in the year 1807, to the celebrated pomologist, Dr. Diel, and is cele- 

 brated, like all our summer apples which originated in Russia, for its great 

 productiveness and hardiness" (2). It was introduced into Columbus, O., 

 from Cassel, Germany (3). It has been disseminated to a considerable extent 

 in various parts of this country and is still listed by a considerable number 

 of nurserymen (12). 



TREE. 



Tree vigorous. Form upright, roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, 

 straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dull 



