CHAPTEE XIII 



SPRUCE FIR, BUTCHERS' BROOM, AND 

 HIPPURIS VULGARIS 



Spruce Fir Section. 



rnHE Spruce Firs are by some botanists 

 -*- known as Pice a, and are a sub -genus of 

 the Conifera. Sometimes they are included 

 with the Silver Firs in Abies. 



The firs are for the most part lofty trees, 

 with small narrow evergreen leaves placed in 

 two rows along the sides of the branches, or 

 occasionally tufted. 



The cone, which is usually of a cylindrical 

 form, consists of a number of woody scales 

 which overlap each other, but are not thickened 

 at their points as are the scales of pine 

 cones. 



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