508 NEGEETTI AND ZAMBKA, HOLBOEN VIADUCT, E.G., 



3128 The Continuous Direct-Acting Ice Machine, (fig. 3128), with Vertical Engine 

 and Air Pump, as shown in wood engraving, including Condenser, 

 Refrigerator, Ice Chamber, and all necessary pipes and connections 

 complete, ready for working, price 180, delivered in London. 

 Boiler and Fittings suited for above apparatus, price 46. 



Stout Packing Cases about 10 extra. 

 Special Quotations given for Larger Machines. 



By the evaporation of -ZEther a great degree of cold is produced, which absorbs 

 from surrounding objects with which it is brought into contact a large amount 

 of latent heat, causing a degree of coldness to them. Upon this principle is based 

 the workingpf the|Ice Machine, and to fully utilize the complete cooling'power of the 

 evaporated ^Ether the following machinery is employed, consisting of four primary 

 parts : 



The ^Sther Pump, to accelerate the evaporisation of the JEther, as well as to 

 remove the vapour when produced, is placed in connection, by means of pipes, with 

 two chambers, named the Refrigerator and the Condenser (see Fig. ), which 

 are made of copper, and consist of a series of tubes. The air is exhausted from 

 these by the jEther pump, and the Refrigerator then charged with JEther, which 

 surrounds the outside of the tubes referred to. The ./Ether pump is then set work- 

 ing, causing the evaporation and removal of the ./Ether vapour, and cold is instantly 

 produced, during which time a current of incongealable liquid (brine) is passed 

 through the tubes of the refrigerator, and by the absence of heat in the Either 

 vapour, this liquid is rapidly cooled and becomes an agent for " transmitting the 

 cold." This is then conveyed to and circulates in the ice chamber (containing ice- 

 moulds) filled with fresh water to be made into ice, cooling in its turn the water in 

 these moulds. When the cooling agent has thus traversed, abstracting heat from 

 the water to be frozen, it is returned to the refrigerator to be re -cooled by passing 

 through the tubes, the heat again abstracted from the cooling agent, which as 

 before is circulated round the ice-moulds, and is thus -kept moving until ice is 

 produced therein. The ./Ether vapour drawn from the refrigerator is passed into 

 the condenser and into a tubular chamber immersed in water ; the heated vapour 

 then enters these tubes, and from the temperature of the water around them being 

 much lower than that of the vapour it quickly reduces the ./Ether vapour into its 

 liquid nature, as originally put into the refrigerator, and where it is again returned 

 for re-evaporation. The process is exceedingly simple, and can be readily under- 

 stood, and may be carried on using the same ^Ether and cooling agent for months 

 without appreciable loss or deterioration. 



These machines will produce ice in large slabs from six inches thick and 

 upwards, if required, but the tedious process accompanying the formation of ice 

 beyond six inches thick is a great drawback. Large blocks also necessitate much 

 labour in moving from the ice-box, as well as occupying considerable time in 

 cutting up into small blocks, items which enhance the cost of production, and thus 

 affect the profits. 



The great advantage of machine-made ice over the natural ice is that it is 

 purer, harder, and equally transparent, admitting of longer and closer storage, 

 being made in blocks, and can be made for half the value of imported ice, the cost 

 of production varying from 5s. to 10s. per ton, according to the size of the 

 apparatus employed, a large machine producing it at much less cost than the 

 smaller size. 



