560 



NEGRETTI AND ZAMBRA, HOLBORN VIADUCT, E.C., 



HEAT DISENGAGED DURING COMBUSTION. 



Tallow . . . 8000 



Diamond . . . 7770 



Absolute Alcohol . 7180 



Phosphorus . . 5750 



Bisulphide of Carbon 3401 



Iron . . . 1576 



The experiments of MM. Favre and Silbermann are the most trustworthy, as having 

 been executed with the greatest care. They agree very closely with those of Dulong. 

 Taking as thermal unit the heat necessary to raise the temperature of a pound of water 

 through one degree Centigrade, the above table gives the thermal units in round numbers 

 disengaged by a pound of each of the substances in burning in oxyen. 



The experiments of Dulong, of Despretz, and of Hess prove that a body in burning 

 always produces the same quantity of heat in reaching the same degree of oxidation, whether 

 it attains this at once or only reaches it after passing through intermediate stages. Thus a 

 given weight of carbon gives out the same amount of heat in burning directly to carbonic 

 acid as if it were first changed into carbonic oxide and then this burnt into carbonic acid. 



GANOT. 



Heat of a common fire -1141 ; Wind Furnace White Heat, 3300, is stated as its highest 

 temperature. 



EXPANSION BY HEAT from 32 to 212 Fahrenheit : 



Mercury 

 Water . 

 Alcohol 

 Sulphuric Acid 



0'0180180 



0-0433200, from 39 to 212 Q 



1-1100 32 to 174 



0-0600 



Platinum . 

 Flint Glass 

 Brass 



0-0008842 of the length. 

 0-0008117 

 0-0018708 , 



The Expansion or Contraction of Liquids heavier than Water (except Mercury) is about 

 1 degree (or 5 grains) for every 10 degrees of temperature above or below 60 F., varying 

 slightly with the specific gravity of the liquid. 



Water boiling at ... 



Alcohol 



Mercury boils .... 

 Sulphuric Acid 



A Saturated solution of Sea salt 

 Sea Water 



212 Fahrenheit. 



174, variable with its Specific Gravity. 



660 Q 



590 



218 to 226 



213-2 variable. 



Specific Gravity of a Saturated Solution of Sea Salt is 1-208 at 60. 



Average Specific Gravity of Sea Water is 1'026 to 1-028. 



Vital Heat, 98'5 Fahrenheit. See also page 161. 



Heat borne by Delaroche 228 Fah. Highest temperature borne by Sir Joseph Banks 

 and Sir Charles Blagden in a prepared heated chamber 264 Fah. ; notwithstanding the 

 extraordinary degree of heat to which the experimenters were exposed for some considerable 

 period, it is stated that the temperature of their bodies was not perceptibly raised. In 

 some of the modern Turkish Baths Dry Air at a temperature varying from 250 to 300 P Fah. 

 is said to be used for short periods of time. Captain Nares and his companions, in the 

 Polar Expedition of 1875-76, state the lowest Temperature experienced was 62 below Zero 

 of Fahrenheit's scale. See also page 195. 



Oxygen Gas, solid, at 130 Centigrade and under the pressure of 470 atmospheres. 



