INTEGRATION OF INDUSTRY 69 



If there was any doubt in this matter, one has but to fol- 

 low the subsequent policy of this corporation to have a verifi- 

 cation of the position that has been taken. The new corpora- 

 tion has spared no expense or effort to acquire certain proper- 

 ties, such, for example, as ore deposits and facilities for lake 

 transportation, which were essential for the complete rounding 

 out of the scheme of controlling all of the factors entering into 

 the production of finished articles from the raw materials. It 

 is strictly in line with the same policy that the American 

 Bridge company and the Shelby Tube works were acquired, 

 as through them the products of its other departments can 

 be directly marketed as finished products. 



On the other hand, the corporation has looked with perfect 

 equanimity upon the building up of other strong properties in 

 fields in which it already had a sufficient number of mills, such 

 as is seen in the combination of steel properties under the con- 

 trol of the Pennsylvania railroad, the Colorado Iron and Fuel 

 company, the Republic Iron and Steel company, and scores 

 of others that might be mentioned. Were the crushing out of 

 competition in view, these would be the properties that would 

 have been sought. 



In our account of the formation of this corporation we 

 have spoken as if it were a union of concerns, each having its 

 special field of operations. To this, however, there was one 

 important exception. The Carnegie company occupied a 

 unique position in the iron and steel trade in the United 

 States. It was, in the first place, much the most important 

 concern in the trade. Roughly speaking, it made from 25 to 

 30 per cent of the finished iron and steel product in the country. 

 It mined all the ore that it used, or over four million tons 

 annually, and owned a large percentage of what is known 

 as the old range ores. It did not sell any ore to outside parties, 

 believing it to be the better policy to preserve it for its own 

 use. It transported a large percentage of it in its own boats 

 over the lakes, and carried a large percentage of it on its own 

 railroad to its Pittsburg works, where it manufactured a 

 greater variety of steel articles than almost any other manu- 

 facturing concern. It made almost everything pertaining to 

 the iron and steel trade. In structural materials of all descrip- 



