THE CONDUCT OF INDUSTRIES 321 



by the forces of the law and good government and crushed at 

 whatever cost, and should then be followed by prompt and 

 legal punishment of every lawless member of the treasonable 

 party. This is a first principle; for it is upon this principle 

 that the safety of the citizen, his life and property depends. 



Industrial disputes should be settled, wherever possible, 

 by arbitrament; but there are many questions which cannot 

 be submitted to arbitration. No man could submit the ques- 

 tion of his right to his wife, his child, his house, his land 

 to arbitration. No man could allow any question to be 

 raised regarding the right to offer or to accept what he knows 

 to be for him a desirable exchange, in bargaining, whether in 

 business or for pleasure. No compulsion can properly be per- 

 mitted regarding any bargain. Arbitration is entirely right 

 and usually wise where the two parties to a bargain, disagree- 

 ing, are desirous, or at least willing, to submit the question to a 

 board of arbitration in the choice of which they have equal 

 power and in whose judgment they have mutual confidence. 

 But the law and constitution, if the latter were thus framed, 

 would have no moral, and should have no legal right to pre- 

 scribe compulsory bargaining. It is better for the nation 

 that an industry be disrupted temporarily than that the rights 

 of citizens should be denied. 



The Pennsylvania anthracite strike during the year 1902 

 was one of the most famous of social disturbances ; it was the 

 first such great social disorder remedied by mutually agreed 

 upon forms of arbitrament. It was the most serious disorder 

 of that sort ever known to its date, and affected more seriously 

 a greater area and a larger number of people outside the ranks 

 of the disputants, and thus it became better known and under- 

 stood and awakened a larger public interest than any other 

 dispute in the industrial system of any country of this or of 

 any earlier time. The dispute was one arising between organ- 

 ized miners and other workers in the Pennsylvania anthracite 

 coal fields, under the official protection of the " United Mine 

 Workers of America," — a combination of practically all the 

 miners of the United States, both bituminous and anthracite 

 — on the one side, and, on the other, the proprietors and exec- 

 utive officers of the whole anthracite district. The points of 



Vol. 3—21 



