METAL WORKING MACHINERY 285 



ward and another piece made, the operation continuinp^ until 

 the bar of stock was used up. The new machine a})phed 

 the automatic principle to the machining of parts wliich, 

 when in the rough, were already in separate pieces, i. e., 

 castings or drop forgings. In doing such work the finished 

 piece must be taken bodily from the machine and a new 

 rough piece inserted. This is a fundamentally different 

 operation from merely pushing a long bar of stock to a new 

 position. It is effected by the magazine feed, the magazine 

 being filled with rough parts ]jy the workman, these parts 

 then being automatically inserted in the machine and re- 

 moved therefrom when finished. The line of development 

 exemplified by the machine first mentioned belongs to the 

 entire decade, while that exemplified by the other belongs 

 to its close. 



Another line of development in this class of machines 

 which should be mentioned is the use of multiple spindles, 

 whereby the output of certain classes of work is very greatly 

 increased — to the extent of a threefold ratio in some instances. 

 An outgrowth of this development has been the making of 

 small brass screws and similar articles without money con- 

 sideration, the chips cut off in making the articles being 

 accepted as sufficient payment for doing the work. 



The use of the forming tool goes back of the last fifteen 

 years, but its use prior to 1890 was chiefly, if not entirely, 

 for the making of articles from very soft composition cast- 

 ings, examples of the work being seen in the caps of salt and 

 pepper boxes. The application of the principle to harder 

 material came about in connection with the bicycle industry, 

 one of its final applications to articles of steel being in the 

 making of bicycle wheel hubs. If this is not the first appli- 

 cation of the method to steel, at least it familiarized the 

 mechanical public with it, and from this it has come to have 

 quite an extended application. 



By the oil tube drill is meant a drill — either flat or 

 twist — having an oil tube or oil channel leading to or near 

 its point, through which a current of oil may be forced to 

 lubricate and cool the cutting edges and to wash away the 

 chips. It is used chiefly for deep drilling in steel and usually 



